Železnice (German: Eisenstadtel) is a town in Jičín District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,400 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.

The villages of Březka, Cidlina, Doubravice, Pekloves, Těšín and Zámezí are administrative parts of Železnice.

The name is derived from the Czech adjective železná, meaning 'iron'. The word železnice also means 'railway' in modern Czech.

Železnice is located about 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Jičín and 42 km (26 mi) northwest of Hradec Králové. It lies mostly in the Jičín Uplands. The northern part of the municipal territory belongs to the Ještěd–Kozákov Ridge and includes the highest point of Železnice, the hill Hůra at 519 m (1,703 ft) above sea level. The Cidlina River flows through the rural part of the territory. There are several small fishponds around the town.

The first written mention of Železnice is from 1318. In 1514, it was referred to as a market town, and probably in 1599, it was promoted to a town. In 1788 and 1826, the town was badly damaged by large fires. In 1903, the railway through Železnice was built.

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% 1869 2,439 —     1880 2,449 +0.4% 1890 2,348 −4.1% 1900 2,156 −8.2% 1910 2,065 −4.2%	Year Pop. ±% 1921 1,892 −8.4% 1930 1,738 −8.1% 1950 1,427 −17.9% 1961 1,486 +4.1% 1970 1,352 −9.0%	Year Pop. ±% 1980 1,195 −11.6% 1991 1,109 −7.2% 2001 1,098 −1.0% 2011 1,279 +16.5% 2021 1,304 +2.0%
Source: Censuses

Železnice is located on the railway line Hradec Králové–Turnov.

After the fire in 1826, the town buildings in the historic centre were restored in a unified Neoclassical style. This buildings has mostly been preserved to this day and forms a unique urban complex. The town hall was built in 1826.

The Church of Saint Giles was built on the site of an old Romanesque church from the 13th century after it was destroyed during the Thirty Years' War, and rebuilt in the Baroque style in 1727–1739.

• Tavík František Šimon (1877–1942), painter, etcher and woodcutter

Železnice is twinned with:

• Revò, Italy

• Official website