Kyoto Prefecture (Japanese: 京都府, Hepburn: Kyōto-fu) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. Kyoto Prefecture has a population of 2,561,358 (as of October 2021) and has a geographic area of 4,612 square kilometres (1,781 sq mi). Kyoto Prefecture borders Fukui Prefecture to the northeast, Shiga Prefecture to the east, Mie Prefecture to the southeast, Nara Prefecture and Osaka Prefecture to the south, and Hyōgo Prefecture to the west.

Kyoto, the capital and largest city, accommodates 57% of the prefecture's total population, with other major cities including Uji, Kameoka, and Maizuru. Kyoto Prefecture is located on the Sea of Japan coast and extends to the southeast towards the Kii Peninsula, covering territory of the former provinces of Yamashiro, Tamba, and Tango. Kyoto Prefecture is centered on the historic Imperial capital of Kyoto, and is one of Japan's two "prefectures" using the designation fu rather than the standard ken for prefectures. Kyoto has made Kyoto Prefecture one of the most popular tourism destinations in Japan for national and international tourists, and 21% of the prefecture's land area was designated as Natural Parks. Kyoto Prefecture forms part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area, the second-most-populated region in Japan after the Greater Tokyo area and one of the world's most productive regions by GDP.

Until the Meiji Restoration, the area of Kyoto Prefecture was known as Yamashiro.

For most of its history, the city of Kyoto was Japan's Imperial capital. The city's history can be traced back as far as the 6th century. In 544, the Aoi Matsuri was held in Kyoto to pray for good harvest and good weather.

Kyoto did not start out as Japan's capital. A noteworthy earlier capital was Nara. In 741, Emperor Shōmu moved the capital briefly to Kuni-kyo, between the cities of Nara and Kyoto, in present-day Kyoto Prefecture. In 784, the capital was moved to Nagaokakyō, also in present-day Kyoto Prefecture. In 794, Emperor Kanmu moved the capital to Heian-kyō, and this was the beginning of the current-day city of Kyoto. Even today, almost all of the streets, houses, stores, temples and shrines in Kyoto exist where they were placed in this year.

Although in 1192 real political power shifted to Kamakura, where a samurai clan established the shogunate, Kyoto remained the imperial capital as the powerless emperors and their court continued to be seated in the city. Imperial rule was briefly restored in 1333, but another samurai clan established a new shogunate in Kyoto three years later.

In 1467, a great civil war, the Ōnin War, took place inside Kyoto, and most of the town was burned down. Japan plunged into the age of warring feudal lords. A new strong man, Tokugawa Ieyasu, established the shogunate at Edo (today's Tokyo) in 1603.

In the 15th century AD, tea-jars were brought by the shōguns to Uji in Kyoto from the Philippines which was used in the Japanese tea ceremony.

The Meiji Restoration returned Japan to imperial rule in 1868. Emperor Meiji, who was now the absolute sovereign, went to stay in Tokyo during the next year. The imperial court has not returned to Kyoto since then. During the instigation of Fuhanken Sanchisei in 1868, the prefecture received its suffix fu. The subsequent reorganization of the old provincial system merged the former Tango Province, Yamashiro Province and the eastern part of Tanba Province into today's Kyoto Prefecture.

Although many Japanese major cities were heavily bombed during World War II, the old capital escaped such devastation. During the occupation, the U.S. Sixth Army and I Corps were headquartered in Kyoto.

Kyoto Prefecture is almost in the center of Honshu and of Japan. It covers an area of 4,612.19 square kilometres (1,780.78 sq mi), which is 1.2% of Japan. Kyoto is the 31st largest prefecture by size. To the north, it faces the Sea of Japan and Fukui Prefecture. To the south, it faces Osaka and Nara Prefectures. To the east, it faces Mie and Shiga Prefectures. To its west is Hyōgo Prefecture. The prefecture is separated in the middle by the Tanba Mountains. This makes its climate very different in the north and south.

As of April 2016, 21% of the prefecture's land area was designated as Natural Parks, namely Sanin Kaigan National Park; Biwako, Kyoto Tamba Kogen, Tango-Amanohashidate-Ōeyama and Wakasa Wan Quasi-National Parks; and Hozukyō, Kasagiyama, and Rurikei Prefectural Natural Parks.

Cities

Fifteen cities are located in Kyoto Prefecture:

Flag, name w/o suffix	Full name			Area (km)	Population	Map
	Japanese	Transcription	Translation
Ayabe	綾部市	Ayabe-shi	Ayabe City	347.10	31,846	1
Fukuchiyama	福知山市	Fukuchiyama-shi	Fukuchiyama City	552.54	77,306	2
Jōyō	城陽市	Jōyō-shi	Jōyō City	32.71	74,607	3
Kameoka	亀岡市	Kameoka-shi	Kameoka City	224.80	86,174	4
Kizugawa	木津川市	Kizugawa-shi	Kizugawa City	85.13	77,907	5
Kyōtanabe	京田辺市	Kyōtanabe-shi	Kyōtanabe City	42.92	73,753	6
Kyōtango	京丹後市	Kyōtango-shi	Kyōtango City	501.44	50,860	7
Kyoto (capital)	京都市	Kyōto-shi	Kyoto City	827.83	1,463,723	8
Maizuru	舞鶴市	Maizuru-shi	Maizuru City	342.13	80,336	9
Miyazu	宮津市	Miyazu-shi	Miyazu City	172.74	16,758	10
Mukō	向日市	Mukō-shi	Mukō City	7.72	56,859	11
Nagaokakyō	長岡京市	Nagaokakyō-shi	Nagaokakyō City	19.17	80,608	12
Nantan	南丹市	Nantan-shi	Nantan City	616.40	31,629	13
Uji	宇治市	Uji-shi	Uji City	67.54	179,630	14
Yawata	八幡市	Yawata-shi	Yawata City	24.35	70,433	15

Kansai Science City is located in the southwest.

Towns and villages

These are the towns and villages in each district:

Flag, name w/o suffix	Full name			Area (km)	Population	District	Map
	Japanese	Transcription	Translation
Ide	井手町	Ide-chō	Ide Town	18.04	7,406	Tsuzuki District	16
Ine	伊根町	Ine-chō	Ine Town	61.95	1,928	Yosa District	17
Kasagi	笠置町	Kasagi-chō	Kasagi Town	23.52	1,144	Sōraku District	18
Kumiyama	久御山町	Kumiyama-chō	Kumiyama Town	13.86	15,250	Kuse District	19
Kyōtamba	京丹波町	Kyōtamba-chō	Kyōtamba Town	303.09	12,907	Funai District	20
Minamiyamashiro	南山城村	Minamiyamashiro-mura	Minamiyamashiro Village	64.11	2,391	Sōraku District	21
Ōyamazaki	大山崎町	Ōyamazaki-chō	Ōyamazaki Town	5.97	15,953	Otokuni District	22
Seika	精華町	Seika-chō	Seika Town	25.68	36,198	Sōraku District	23
Ujitawara	宇治田原町	Ujitawara-chō	Ujitawara Town	58.16	8,911	Tsuzuki District	24
Wazuka	和束町	Wazuka-chō	Wazuka Town	64.93	3,478	Sōraku District	25
Yosano	与謝野町	Yosano-chō	Yosano Town	108.38	20,092	Yosa District	26

• 
  Kyoto City
• 
  Uji City
• 
  Kameoka City
• 
  Nagaokakyō City
• 
  Maizuru City
• 
  Fukuchiyama City
• 
  Miyazu City and Aso Bay

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1885	846,761	—
1890	894,928	+5.7%
1900	1,022,695	+14.3%
1910	1,197,473	+17.1%
1920	1,287,147	+7.5%
1930	1,552,832	+20.6%
1940	1,729,993	+11.4%
1950	1,832,934	+6.0%
1960	1,993,403	+8.8%
1970	2,250,087	+12.9%
1980	2,527,330	+12.3%
1990	2,602,460	+3.0%
2000	2,644,391	+1.6%
2010	2,636,092	−0.3%
2020	2,578,087	−2.2%
Source: Statistics Division, Policy Planning Department, Kyoto Prefecture

According to Agency for Cultural Affairs research in 2020, over 60% believe in Shinto and Buddhism.

The current governor of Kyoto is Takatoshi Nishiwaki, a former vice minister of the Reconstruction Agency. He has been elected in April 2018.

The previous governor of Kyoto is former Home Affairs Ministry bureaucrat Keiji Yamada. He has been reelected to a fourth term in April 2014 with support from the major non-Communist parties against only one JCP-supported challenger.

The prefectural assembly has 60 members from 25 electoral districts and is still elected in unified local elections (last round: 2019). As of September 2020, it was composed as follows: Liberal Democratic Party 30, Japanese Communist Party 12, Democratic Party 11, Kōmeitō 5, Japan Restoration Party 2.

Kyoto's delegation to the National Diet consists of six members of the House of Representatives and four members (two per election) of the House of Councillors. After the national elections of 2019, 2021 and 2022, the prefecture is represented by two Liberal Democrats, two Constitutional Democrats, a FEFA member, and a independent in the lower house, and two Liberal Democrats, one Democrat and one Communist in the upper house.

Constituency	Name	Party
Kyoto 1st district	Yasushi Katsume		Liberal Democratic
Kyoto 2nd district	Seiji Maehara		FEFA
Kyoto 3rd district	Kenta Izumi		Constitutional Democratic
Kyoto 4th district	Keiro Kitagami		Independent
Kyoto 5th district	Taro Honda		Liberal Democratic
Kyoto 6th district	Kazunori Yamanoi		Constitutional Democratic

Class	Name	Party
2019	Shoji Nishida		Liberal Democratic
	Akiko Kurabayashi		Communist
2022	Akira Yoshii		Liberal Democratic
	Tetsuro Fukuyama		Constitutional Democratic

The prefectural flower of Kyoto is the weeping cherry. The Kitayama Sugi is the official tree, and the streaked shearwater the bird that symbolizes the prefecture.

On 1 August 2013, prefectural and municipal authorities gave consent for a USFJ missile monitoring station to be set up in the city of Kyōtango. It will be co-located with a JASDF facility already based in the city. At least initially, its primary sensor will be a mobile X-band radar used to gather data on ballistic missile launches which will then be relayed by the station to warships equipped with Aegis air defense systems and to ground-based interceptor missile sites. A hundred and sixty personnel will be based at the station.

GDP (PPP) per capita

Year	US$
1975	4,746
1980	8,375
1985	12,799
1990	18,128
1995	21,190
2000	24,692
2005	29,256
2010	33,058
2015	38,567

Kyoto prefecture's economy is supported by industries that create value that is unique to Kyoto, such as the tourism and traditional industries supported by 1,200 years of history and culture, as well as high-technology industries that combine the technology of Kyoto's traditional industries with new ideas.

Northern Kyoto on the Tango Peninsula has fishing and water transportation, and midland Kyoto has agriculture and forestry. The prefecture produces 13% of the domestic sake and green tea. Japan's largest vertical farm is located in the prefecture.

The Kyoto-based manufacturing industry holds shares of Japan's high-technology product markets and others. As of 2021, eight Forbes Global 2000 companies were located in Kyoto prefecture: Nintendo, Nidec, Kyocera, Murata Manufacturing, Omron, Rohm, Bank of Kyoto, SCREEN Holdings. Takara Holdings, GS Yuasa, Mitsubishi Logisnext, Maxell, and Kyoto Animation are also based in the prefecture.

As of October 2021, the minimum wage in the prefecture was ¥937 per hour.

• Eiden
  • Eizan Line
  • Kurama Line
• Randen
  • Arashiyama Line
  • Kitano Line

• Maizuru Port - Mainly international container terminal and ferry route to Hokkaido (Otaru and Tomakomai).

Kyoto has been, and still remains, Japan's cultural center. For over 1000 years it was Japan's capital. When the capital was changed to Tokyo, Kyoto remained Japan's cultural capital. The local government proposes a plan to move the Agency for Cultural Affairs to Kyoto and to regard Tokyo as the capital of politics and economy and Kyoto as the capital of culture. See Culture of Japan.

• 
  Kinkaku-ji
• 
  Ginkaku-ji
• 
  Togetsu Bridge in Arashiyama
• 
  Heian Shrine
• 
  Japanese tea plantation
• 
  Rokkaku-dō, where a school of the Japanese flower arrangement originated from.

The sports teams listed below are based in Kyoto.

Football (soccer)

• Kyoto Sanga F.C. (J1 League)
• Ococias Kyoto AC (Kansai Soccer League)
• AS. Laranja Kyoto (Kansai Soccer League)

Basketball

• Kyoto Hannaryz (B.League)

Rugby

• Mitsubishi Motors Kyoto Red Evolutions (Top West)
• Shimadzu Breakers (Top West)
• Unitika Phoenix (Top West)

Kyoto City is one of the most popular tourist spots in Japan, and many people from far and wide visit there. Along with Tokyo, Kyoto is a favorite location for the graduation trip of Junior High and High schools.

Some of the festivals held in Kyoto are Aoi Matsuri from 544, Gion Matsuri from 869, Ine Matsuri from the Edo-era, Daimonji Gozan Okuribi from 1662, and Jidai Matsuri from 1895. Every shrine and temple holds some sort of event, and many of them are open for public viewing.

Kyoto Prefecture has sister relationships with these places:

These relationships are distinct from those of cities in Kyoto Prefecture with other cities.

• Official Kyoto Prefecture website
• Kyoto Prefectural International Center
• Kyoto Prefecture Tourism Guide
• Kyoto Visitors Guide