The commune is part of the urban area of Pau and is located 5 km east of Pau (five miles), the commune is part of the Vic-Bilh region of Gascony.

The commune is traversed by the A64 autoroute however there is no exit in the commune. The nearest exit is Exit 11 just south-east of the commune. Access to the village is by the D39 road from Morlaàs in the north-west which continues south-east to Limendous. There is also the D538 which goes north-west from the village to Serres-Morlaàs. There is also the D215 which goes south-west from the village to Artigueloutan.

Located in the drainage basin of the Adour, the commune is traversed from south-east to north-west by the Luy de France which forms part of the northern border before continuing to join the Lucet east of Morlaàs.

The Ayguelengue forms the southern border of the commune before joining the Oussere and continuing west.

The commune name in béarnais is Andonsh. (according to the classical norm of Occitan).

Brigitte Jobbé-Duval indicates that the village's name probably comes from the family name Antonius, modified in basque to Anton plus the suffix -tz inducing the property of or the domain of Anton.

The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.

Sources:

• Raymond: Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, 1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. (in French)

Origins:

• Lescar: Cartulary of Lescar
• Pau: Cartulary of the Château of Pau
• Fors de Béarn
• Census: Census of Béarn
• Ossau: Cartulary of Ossau.

Paul Raymond on page 5 of the 1863 dictionary noted that Andoins was the seat of the second largest barony in Béarn which also included Limendous. He also noted that in 1385 there were 20 fires in Andoins and it depended on the Bailiwick of Pau.

The town was part of the archdeaconry of Vic-Bilh, which depended on the bishopric of Lescar of which Lembeye was the capital.

Blazon: Or, a lion vert.

List of Successive Mayors

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (December 2020)

Andois is part of six inter-communal structures:

• the public agency for local management;
• the Communauté de communes du Nord-Est Béarn;
• the AEP association of the Ousse Valley;
• the energy association for Pyrénées-Atlantiques;
• the intercommunal association for consolidation of the communes of the plain of Ousse;
• the intercommunal association for the construction of the rescue centre at Soumoulou.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Andonésien(ne)s in French.

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1793 510 —     1800 446 −1.90% 1806 404 −1.63% 1821 542 +1.98% 1831 555 +0.24% 1836 539 −0.58% 1841 538 −0.04% 1846 558 +0.73% 1851 568 +0.36% 1856 550 −0.64% 1861 556 +0.22% 1866 519 −1.37% 1872 527 +0.26% 1876 522 −0.24% 1881 506 −0.62% 1886 546 +1.53% 1891 512 −1.28% 1896 514 +0.08%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1901 454 −2.45% 1906 475 +0.91% 1911 419 −2.48% 1921 368 −1.29% 1926 380 +0.64% 1931 382 +0.11% 1936 354 −1.51% 1946 315 −1.16% 1954 319 +0.16% 1962 329 +0.39% 1968 418 +4.07% 1975 333 −3.20% 1982 469 +5.01% 1990 514 +1.15% 1999 522 +0.17% 2007 620 +2.17% 2012 622 +0.06% 2017 637 +0.48%
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Source: EHESS and INSEE

The commune has a number of buildings that are registered as historical monuments:

• A House at Grange Montane (19th century)
• A Fortified Area (11th century)
• A Farmhouse at Poublan (1904)
• The Maison Séries Farmhouse (1913)
• The Maison Lacaze Farmhouse (18th century)
• The Cazenave Farmhouse (1899)
• The Maison Coustet Farmhouse (18th century)
• Houses and Farms (18th - 20th centuries)

The Parish Church of Saint-Laurent (19th century) is registered as an historical monument. The church contains many items that are registered as historical objects:

• Guilhem Arnaud, Baron of Andoins who died in 1301. His funerary monument is displayed in the church of the Commandery of Caubin in the commune of Arthez-de-Béarn.

• Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department

• Andoins on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website (in French)
• Andoins on the 1750 Cassini Map

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Andoins.