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Ansan

Ansan (Hangeul: 안산, Korean pronunciation: [an.san]) is a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. It lies southwest of Seoul and is part of the Seoul National Capital Area. It is connected to Seoul by rail via Seoul Subway Line 4. It is situated on the Yellow Sea coast and some islands lie within its jurisdiction. The largest and best-known of these is Daebu Island.

Several higher learning institutions are located in Ansan. They include Ansan University, Shin Ansan University, Seoul Institute of the Arts, and the ERICA campus of Hanyang University. The Korea Transportation Safety Authority, a government agency, has also been headquartered in Ansan since June 3, 2002. With its high number of foreign workers, Wongokbon-dong has been designated as a multicultural area. In 2021, Ansan was selected as the largest residential area for foreigners and it is seeking designation as a special multicultural city. Street play festival is held every year in Ansan.

History

Ancient Era

The first humans in Ansan were in the New Stone Age, and many shell middens and prehistoric remains were found at Oido, Sihwaho, Chojidong and Daebudo. In the Seonbu-dong and Wolpi-dong area, over 10 stone dolmen tombs could be found. Also in 1995, Old Stone Age relics were found while constructing the Seohaean Expressway. Most dolmens in Ansan are north dolmen, but the dolmen in Seonbu-dong is table-shaped and another table-shaped tomb was found in Hakon-dong, Gwangmyeong. There are many ancient relics found in the city.

Three Kingdoms and Goryeo Era

Not much evidence or antiquities survive from the Proto-Three Kingdoms and Samhan periods are in Ansan and nearby areas. The Mahan confederacy in Chen Shou in Records of the Three Kingdoms preserves writings about the chiefdom state. Ansan was in communion with Baekje but very little has been saved.

In the Later Three Kingdoms era, the Ansan area was owned by Taebong (also known as Hugoguryeo, "Later Goguryeo") in Silla Hyogong's 4th year (AD 900). After then, Gung Ye, who was the ruler of Taebong, was overthrown by Wang Geon, and the Ansan area was turned over to Goryeo, founded by Wang Geon. First, the Gung Ye Ganggu-gun was changed to Ansan-gun but the state of the military was preserved.

Joseon Era

Ansan belonged to Gyeonggijwa-do (left Gyeonggi province) in the Joseon dynasty. Taejo's 5th year (AD 1396), Ansan-eoso (meaning Ansan fishery) that is now under the direct control of a detached building of Saongwon (the Department of foods and meals in the Joseon dynasty) was set up. After Gyeonggijwa-do and Gyeonggiwo-do (right Gyeonggi province) were unified in Teajong's 2nd year (AD 1402), Ansan was still called Ansan. Under Teajong's 13th (1413), the whole country was detached into eight provinces.

Modern Era

Until 1914, Ansan City and the southern part of today's Siheung city consisted of Ansan County. In 1914, Ansan County was annexed to Siheung County. This region produced high-quality salt from ancient times and valuable marine products. Ansan was then a fishing village. In 1986, several towns of Hwaseong county became incorporated, representing the beginning of Ansan as a city. With currently over 700,000 residents, Ansan now has two distinct and separate districts: Danwon, which has 12 dongs as of 2009, and Sangnok, with 13.

Geography

Ansan is located in the southwest of Gyeonggi Province and is situated on the coast of the Yellow Sea (locally called West Sea), at 37°19′N 126°50′E / 37.317°N 126.833°E / 37.317; 126.833. Portions of various Yellow Sea islands lie within its jurisdiction. The largest and best-known of these is Daebu Island, also known as "Daebudo".

Large portions of Ansan, over 100 sq miles, are reclaimed wetlands, part of the Saemangeum land reclamation project known as Ansan Reed Marshy Park.

Located at the south of the city (but within its jurisdiction) are islands of Daebudo and Pungdo. On land, the city boundaries is marked by the town of Gunpo to the east of Ansan, Anyang to north-east, Siheung to the north and Hwaseong to the south.

Climate

Ansan has a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen: Dwa) with cold, dry winters and hot, rainy summers.

Climate data for Ansan (1993–2020 normals)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	2.3 (36.1)	5.2 (41.4)	11.1 (52.0)	17.8 (64.0)	23.4 (74.1)	27.4 (81.3)	29.4 (84.9)	30.6 (87.1)	26.6 (79.9)	20.4 (68.7)	12.4 (54.3)	4.5 (40.1)	17.6 (63.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−3.3 (26.1)	−0.6 (30.9)	4.7 (40.5)	11.0 (51.8)	16.6 (61.9)	21.4 (70.5)	24.8 (76.6)	25.5 (77.9)	20.6 (69.1)	13.5 (56.3)	6.2 (43.2)	−0.9 (30.4)	11.6 (52.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−9.0 (15.8)	−6.4 (20.5)	−1.4 (29.5)	4.6 (40.3)	10.6 (51.1)	16.2 (61.2)	21.1 (70.0)	21.6 (70.9)	15.5 (59.9)	7.3 (45.1)	0.5 (32.9)	−6.4 (20.5)	6.2 (43.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	15.1 (0.59)	25.6 (1.01)	35.7 (1.41)	67.5 (2.66)	76.4 (3.01)	100.7 (3.96)	321.7 (12.67)	225.9 (8.89)	124.9 (4.92)	47.3 (1.86)	44.0 (1.73)	19.0 (0.75)	1,103.8 (43.46)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	3.4	3.8	5.1	6.3	6.7	7.3	12.8	11.2	7.1	4.9	7.0	5.4	81
Source: Korea Meteorological Administration

Demographics

According to the South Korean Ministry of Justice, Ansan's Danwon-gu (Danwon District) is the district which has the largest foreign population in Korea, with 68,119 residents followed by Siheung (66,103), Hwaseong (59,942), Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul (48,682), Guro-gu, Seoul (48,343), Pyeongtaek (42,243), and Asan, South Chungcheong (35,567 people).

**Ansan City Government Report on foreign population January 2024**
Group	Population
Chaoxianzu	48,082
Chinese	10,781
Uzbek	10,118
Koryo saram	7,631
Kazakh	3,808
Vietnam	2,415
Russian	1,604
other	11,930
^A https://www.ansan.go.kr/common/sn3hcv_skin/doc.html?fn=17089289513023KWSOE5CGOC037SD6T68U36DL.xlsx&rs=/cmsdata/preview/2024/

Transportation

Railway

The Ansan Line is a major rail line in Ansan and is part of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway as Line 4. Service connects from Oido to Jinjeop in Namyangju. The subway is also connected to the public bus system in Ansan. Previously, the first railroad in the city was the Suin Line which was opened by Korea under Japanese rule. In mid 2020, the Suin Bundang line started operations, connecting Suwon and Ansan which expanded the living space in Ansan.

Korail

Seoul Subway Line 4 (via Ansan Line)

(Gunpo) ← Banwol — Sangnoksu — Hanyang Univ. at Ansan — Jungang — Gojan — Choji — Ansan — Singiloncheon → (Siheung)

Seohae Line

Wonsi — Siu — Choji — Seonbu — Dalmi → (Siheung) → (Gimpo Airport) → (Goyang)

Suin–Bundang Line (via Ansan Line)

(Hwaseong) ← Sari — Hanyang Univ. at Ansan — Jungang — Gojan — Choji — Ansan — Singiloncheon → (Siheung)

Future expansion

Currently, Seohae Line starts from Ansan to Sosa Station in Bucheon. But the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is extended to Goyang through Gimpo International Airport Station. It was planned to be completed by 2023 and extended Seohae Line officially opened on 1 July 2023.

The Shin Ansan Line will connect Yeouido to Ansan in 2024. It will take only 30 minutes from Yeouido to Ansan Also, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is considering to extend to Seoul Station.

Future Shin Ansan Line

Hanyang University — Ansan City Hall — Jungang — Seongpo — Jangha — Mokgam → (Gwangmyeong) → (Seoul)

Bus

The Ansan Bus Terminal (안산종합버스터미널) near Ansan Station provides daily bus service to Incheon International Airport and most cities in South Korea including Gimhae-si, Busan-si. Buses travel via Gimpo International Airport and Incheon International Airport. Express buses to Iksan, Dongdaegu, and Gwangju are also available. Near Sangnoksu Station are buses going to Suwon Station and Gangnam Station. Ansan has 53 bus lines with 537 buses operating in and out of the city limits, connecting the city with Seoul and other outlying Gyeonggi cities. The Ansan transfer center also has express city buses, city buses, and intercity buses to link to Banwol industrial estate, Sihwa lake, and nearby cities.

Pedalro

Pedalro is a public bicycle system in Ansan City. There are 101 Pedalro stations in Ansan. This is run on a membership basis. However, due to high cost for maintenance, Ansan city discontinue the public bicycle service in 2021.

Public institutions

The Korea Transportation Safety Authority, a government agency in South Korea, is headquartered in Ansan. Other major institutions in Ansan include:

Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Ansan Branch
Korea Elevator Safety Agency, Ansan Branch
Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Research Institute of Industrial Technology Convergence
Korea Rural Research Institute
Korea Testing Laboratory, Gyeonggi Branch
Metropolitan Air Quality Management Office

Administrative districts

The administrative district of Ansan is parted into 25 Dong, 1187 Tong, and 5884 Ban. The extent of Ansan is 149.06 km (Sangnok-gu: 57.83 km Danwon-gu: 91.23 km). The population standard was 281,829 households and 761,279 people at the end of 2012, of which the Korean citizen population was 715,108 with 43,465 foreigners recorded.

Larger map of the Ansan-si districts. Danwon-gu district covers the west mainland part and stretches to the sea to cover Daebudo and Pungdo islands.

Borough	Administrative Dong	Hangul(Korean)	Chinese character	extent	household	population
Sangnok-gu 상록구 常綠區	Il-dong	일동	一洞	2.41	11,215	27,580
	I-dong	이동	二洞	2.44	13,884	30,395
	Sa 1-dong	사1동	四洞	2.36	16,749	39,594
	Sa 2-dong	사2동		3.65	12,740	36,395
	Sa 3-dong	사3동		3.68	7,147	20,835
	Bono-dong	본오동	本五洞	6.45	17,589	43,811
	Bono-2 dong	본오2동		0.82	12,300	33,038
	Bono-3 dong	본오3동		1.1	9,992	25,268
	Bugok-dong	부곡동	釜谷洞	6.22	8,832	22,775
	Wolpi-dong	월피동	月陂洞	5.54	17,394	46,734
	Seongpo-dong	성포동	聲浦洞	1.7	9,767	30,250
	Banwol-dong	반월동	半月洞	13.16	8,077	21,122
	Ansan-dong	안산동	安山洞	8.36	3,842	10,026
Danwon-gu 단원구 檀園區	Wadong	와동	瓦洞	3.23	19,372	46,755
	Gojan-1 dong	고잔1동	古棧洞	1.75	9,282	24,548
	Gojan-2 dong	고잔2동	古棧洞	1.87	9,650	25,465
	Hosu dong	호수동	湖水洞	2.48	14,723	45,093
	Wongokbon-dong	원곡본동	元谷洞	8.12	14,884	49,007
	Wongok-1 dong	원곡1동		0.95	4,399	16,034
	Wongok-2 dong	원곡2동		0.56	5,323	17,058
	Choji-dong	초지동	草芝洞	21.16	17,720	55,351
	Seonbu-1 dong	선부1동	仙府洞	0.86	7,544	20,179
	Seonbu-2 dong	선부2동		2.07	11,619	27,390
	Seonbu-3 dong	선부3동		5.81	13,774	37,439
	Dea-bu dong	대부동	大阜洞	42.37	3,614	7,384

Education

Ansan had Hyanggyo, nationally sponsored schools, throughout the Joseon Dynasty and Goryeo. Modern institutions of higher learning located in Ansan include Ansan University, Shin Ansan University, Seoul Institute of the Arts, and the ERICA campus of Hanyang University.

List of universities in Ansan:

Ansan University
Hanyang University, ERICA Campus at Ansan
Seoul Institute of the Arts
Shin Ansan University

There are 24 high schools, 29 middle schools, 54 elementary schools and 96 kindergartens in the city. Danwon High School in Ansan was particularly affected by the Sinking of the MV Sewol in 2014 as a large number of the passengers were students from the school, and city streets featured many ribbon memorials and other markers and ceremonies for the disaster. Ansan Seo Elementary School a.k.a. Ansan West Elementary School (안산서초등학교) in Wongok-dong has a multicultural program with students from other countries, a rarity in South Korean education.

Economy

Because Ansan is a planned city built behind the Ansan Smart Hub following the government's industrial planning, the proportion of agriculture in the Ansan economy is very low. Meanwhile, as the government promoted a manufacturing industry plan in the Ansan area before Ansan was built, many people work in the manufacturing industry. There are two national industrial complexes, Banwol and Sihwa, as well as the local Banwol plating industrial complex.

Cultural institutions and heritage

In the past, Ansan had fewer attractions and a poor reputation due to its industrial and fishing roots, but the east side of the city has recently experienced several beautification projects. The canal systems which bisect the city have bicycling and walking paths, and are covered with roses, tulips, and cherry blossoms in spring. A community bicycle system sponsored by the city is also available for park access and riding. Nowadays, Ansan has many museums and galleries, such as the Ansan Culture and Arts Center, Seongho Memorial Hall, Danwon Sculpture Park, and Hwarang Public Garden. Ansan has run city bus tours for cultural heritage sightseeing since 2008.

Events

The Jet-mer-ri village deity is held every year in the Jet-mer-ri shrine to the village deity from 1984, and since 1987 the Beal-Mang-Sung art festival is held. Also, since 1991 the Danwon art festival and since 1996 the Sung-ho cultural festival is held. The Ansan Street Arts Festival is held in Ansan Culture Square in May since 2005. Other festivals in Ansan include:

Ansan Kim Hong-do Festival (September)
Ansan Daebu Island: The scent of ocean tulip festival (April)
Ansan Street Arts Festival (May)
Ansan Valley Rock Festival (July)
Byeolmangseong Art Festival (September)
Seongho Cultural Festival (May)

Historical monuments and structures

Historical monuments and structures in Ansan include:

Ansan Town Wall
Byeolmangseong Fortress
Cheongmundang
Daebudo Island Charity Monument (Daebudo Jaseonbi)
Gosong Pavilion
Hong Jeonghui Gate of Filial Duty (Hongjeonghui Hyojamun)
Jaetmeori Local God Shrine
Korean Juniper Tree in Palgok-ri
Ojeonggak Pavilion
Sasechungyeolmun (Shrine of Loyalty, Virtue and Filial Duty)
Seonbu-dong Dolmens
Ssanggyesa Temple
Tomb of Ahn Tandae
Tomb of Choi Hon
Tomb of Gang Jing
Tomb of General Choi Jeong-geoi
Tomb of Han Eungin
Tomb of Hong Cheoyun
Tomb of Jeong Eonbyeok
Tomb of Princess Jeongjeong
Tomb of Yi Ik
Tomb of Yi Inhyeon
Tomb of Yu Seok
Tomb of Yun Gang

Modern monuments and cultural institutions

Modern monuments and cultural institutions in Ansan include:

Gyeonggi Museum of Art (sometimes known as the Ansan Art Museum)
Ansan Botanical Garden
Ansan Cultural Center
Ansan Culture and Arts Center
Ansan Lighthouse
Ansan Sled Park
Choi Yong-sin Memorial Hall
Fishing Village Folk Museum
Gyeonggi English Village Ansan Camp (also known as Ansan Hwajeong English Village)
Olympic Memorial Hall
Seongho Memorial Hall

Parks and natural landmarks

Ansan is home to several parks, including:

Sports

Large and small stadiums have been founded from the 1990s on in Ansan. Major sports events in the city take place at the Ansan Wa~ Stadium.

The city was home to Shinhan Bank S-Bird Woman's Basketball Team (member of the Women's Korean Basketball League). The team moved to Incheon in 2014. It was also a home to the now-defunct National League soccer club Ansan Hallelujah.

Ansan is also home to Ansan OK Financial Group Okman volleyball club. They are members of the V-League.

Ansan established a professional football team called the Ansan Greeners FC. In first year, the team also received the 'Plus Stadium' award and the "Full Stadium" award. At present (April 10, 2018), the Ansan Grinders FC has placed second.