Aroroy, officially the Municipality of Aroroy, is a 1st class municipality in the province of Masbate, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 88,351 people. The town is known for the Kalanay Cave, one of the most important archaeological sites in Masbate province.

The town of Aroroy (Al-Oroy its former name), which came from the Spanish word for gold-"oro", was established back in 1822 upon the arrival of a Chinese expedition. The Chinese fleet was composed of seven vessels called "pancos". They entered Lanang River, which is part of Puerto Barrera, the former name of the area now covered by Aroroy. A Moro named Talcum guided this expedition. They were sent by the Chinese merchants who came to Aroroy to explore for gold coins near Lanang River.

When the present Masbate province was still part of the province of Ibalon (present-day Albay), a captain from the Spanish Army named Gregorio Cordero of Tondo, Manila was exiled in Masbate for the killing of his superior officer. Instead of being incarcerated in the castle of San Pascual in Burias Island, where political and military prisoners were imprisoned by the Captain-General of the Philippine Islands, he was brought to Masbate. Accompanied by his two daughters and a son, they established residency in the Port of Magdalena, Masbate town. He had with him four "Faluas" or Spanish vessels named – Jesus Maria Y Jose, Sacramento, Salvacion and Santa Ana for use in the vigilance against Moro pirates who preyed on the three islands of Masbate, Ticao and Burias.

When the Spaniards discovered the Chinese expedition, Cordero and about 150 men, who believed him to possess amulets (anting-anting) which made him invulnerable, sailed to Lanang River to find out the nationality of the said seven vessels which entered Lanang River. When investigated as to where they were going, the aliens answered in their Chinese manner that they were going to "Al-Oroy" meaning to the Gold or in Spanish “Al-oro”. Not satisfied with the results of the investigation with the belief that these are Moro vessels, Cordero and his men established their headquarters for over three months in the present poblacion of Aroroy, which was known as Al-Oroy taken from the Chinese reply.

Another expedition of Spaniards from Manila headed by a certain Sarmiento came to explore the gold in the river near Al-oroy in 1861. This expedition was aided by natives of Al-oroy, including Toribio Bunayag, Jose Pusing, Norberto Pusing and Protacio Fabon. The natives abandoned the expedition during the same year due to numerous attacks. This led to the death of Sarmiento and since then, the said river was called Rio Guinobatan or “River of Assaults”.

Since then the site of Al-Oroy became a "visita" or barrio of the town of Baleno but later was transferred to the town of San Agustin in the interior part of Port Barrera. In 1904, when the towns of Baleno and San Agustin were combined, the name Al-Oroy was changed to Aroroy. It was also in 1904 when Aroroy became a municipality because of its strategic location. San Agustin now a barangay of Aroroy.

Aroroy is geographically located between 12 degrees and 13 degrees Latitude and 123 degrees and 124 degrees Longitude or at the northernmost part of the province of Masbate, Bicol Region. It is bounded on the north by the Masbate Pass, to the East by the municipality of Baleno, to the West by the Sibuyan Sea and to the South by the municipalities of Milagros and Mandaon. It is 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Masbate City.

Aroroy is politically subdivided into 41 barangays.  Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Population census of Aroroy

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1918 9,836 —     1939 31,289 +5.67% 1948 23,888 −2.95% 1960 18,371 −2.16% 1970 28,624 +4.53% 1975 30,457 +1.25% 1980 38,618 +4.86%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1990 53,060 +3.23% 1995 55,110 +0.71% 2000 58,751 +1.38% 2007 62,635 +0.89% 2010 76,139 +7.36% 2015 86,168 +2.38% 2020 88,351 +0.49%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

In the 2020 census, the population of Aroroy was 88,351 people, with a density of 200 inhabitants per square kilometre or 520 inhabitants per square mile.

Poverty incidence of Aroroy

10 20 30 40 50 2006 49.00 2009 45.52 2012 43.25 2015 41.78 2018 37.26 2021 29.93 Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

• Philippine Standard Geographic Code
• Philippine Census Information
• Local Governance Performance Management System