Artux
Artush (/ɑːrˈtʊʃ/ ar-TUUSH; also transliterated as Artux or Atush) is a county-level city and the capital of Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang, China. The government seat is in Guangming Road Subdistrict. As of 2018, it has a population of 285,507 people, 81.4 per cent of whom are Uyghurs.
Shipton's Arch 
Artush-man skull, dated 10,000 BP, excavated in Arghu village, Artush
History
In January 1943, Artush County was established.
In June 1986, Artush County became Artush City.
In 2018, the dome of Eshtachi Mosque (39°41′33.46″N 76°7′25.88″E / 39.6926278°N 76.1238556°E) was removed. In recent times other mosques have been taken down too.
At 10:23 pm on January 19, 2020, a 5.2 magnitude earthquake struck in Artush.
Geography and climate
It is situated in the northwest part of the Tarim Basin, south of the Tien Shan mountains. Like most of Xinjiang, Artush has a cool arid climate (Köppen BWk) with hot summers, freezing winters and little precipitation and low humidity year-round. The annual mean temperature is 13.1 °C (55.6 °F) and the annual mean precipitation around 95 millimetres or 3.74 inches. Most of this limited precipitation falls from erratic thunderstorms in the summer months, although at this time relative humidity averages less than 35 percent.
| Climate data for Artush, elevation 1,268 m (4,160 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.0 (66.2) |
18.6 (65.5) |
28.4 (83.1) |
34.9 (94.8) |
36.0 (96.8) |
39.5 (103.1) |
41.0 (105.8) |
41.8 (107.2) |
37.0 (98.6) |
30.9 (87.6) |
25.1 (77.2) |
18.9 (66.0) |
41.8 (107.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
6.0 (42.8) |
15.2 (59.4) |
23.3 (73.9) |
27.8 (82.0) |
31.7 (89.1) |
33.5 (92.3) |
32.2 (90.0) |
27.7 (81.9) |
20.5 (68.9) |
11.1 (52.0) |
2.0 (35.6) |
19.2 (66.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.0 (23.0) |
0.8 (33.4) |
9.7 (49.5) |
17.2 (63.0) |
21.6 (70.9) |
25.3 (77.5) |
27.1 (80.8) |
25.9 (78.6) |
21.3 (70.3) |
13.9 (57.0) |
5.1 (41.2) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
13.4 (56.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −9.0 (15.8) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
4.4 (39.9) |
11.5 (52.7) |
15.8 (60.4) |
19.3 (66.7) |
21.0 (69.8) |
19.8 (67.6) |
15.3 (59.5) |
7.9 (46.2) |
0.1 (32.2) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
8.0 (46.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −20.5 (−4.9) |
−20.7 (−5.3) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
4.1 (39.4) |
8.1 (46.6) |
11.4 (52.5) |
11.5 (52.7) |
6.5 (43.7) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−12.6 (9.3) |
−19.9 (−3.8) |
−20.7 (−5.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.3 (0.13) |
8.2 (0.32) |
6.8 (0.27) |
6.0 (0.24) |
15.8 (0.62) |
14.8 (0.58) |
14.5 (0.57) |
15.5 (0.61) |
10.9 (0.43) |
5.8 (0.23) |
3.1 (0.12) |
3.6 (0.14) |
108.3 (4.26) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 4.1 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 4.7 | 3.9 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 36.4 |
| Average snowy days | 6.2 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 5.5 | 17.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 63 | 51 | 37 | 29 | 31 | 31 | 33 | 37 | 40 | 43 | 52 | 65 | 43 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 147.7 | 154.2 | 175.4 | 210.1 | 261.9 | 293.1 | 307.3 | 283.3 | 240.7 | 227.9 | 181.4 | 135.3 | 2,618.3 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 49 | 50 | 47 | 52 | 59 | 66 | 68 | 68 | 66 | 67 | 62 | 47 | 58 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration | |||||||||||||
Administrative divisions
Artush includes three subdistricts, one town, six townships and one other area:
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Kyrgyz (Arabic script) | Kyrgyz (Cyrillic script) | Administrative division code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subdistricts | ||||||||
| Xingfu Road Subdistrict (Bext Road Subdistrict) |
幸福路街道 | Xìngfúlù Jiēdào | بەخت يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى | bext yoli kocha bashqarmisi | باقىت جولۇ كۅچۅ باشقارماسى | Бакыт жолу көчө башкармасы | 653001001 | |
| Guangming Road Subdistrict (Nurluq Road Subdistrict) |
光明路街道 | Guāngmínglù Jiēdào | نۇرلۇق يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى | nurluq yoli kocha bashqarmisi | نۇرلۇق جولۇ كۅچۅ باشقارماسى | Нурлук жолу көчө башкармасы | 653001002 | |
| Xincheng Subdistrict | 新城街道 | Xīnchéng Jiēdào | يېڭى شەھەر كوچا باشقارمىسى | yëngi sheher kocha bashqarmisi | جاڭى شاار كۅچۅ باشقارماسى | Жаңы шаар көчө башкармасы | 653001003 | |
| Towns | ||||||||
| Ustun Artush Town (Shang'atushi) |
上阿图什镇 | Shàng'ātúshí Zhèn | ئۈستۈن ئاتۇش بازىرى | Üstün Atush baziri | ۉستۉن ارتىش شاارچاسى | Үстүн Артыш шаарчасы | 653001100 | |
| Süntag Town | 松他克镇 | Sōngtākè Zhèn | سۇنتاغ بازىرى | suntagh baziri | سۇنتاق شاارچاسى | Сунтак шаарчасы | 653001101 | |
| Azak Town | 阿扎克镇 | Āzhākè Zhèn | ئازاق بازىرى | Azaq baziri | ازاق شاارچاسى | Азак шаарчасы | 653001102 | |
| Townships | ||||||||
| Agu Township | 阿湖乡 | Āhú Xiāng | ئاغۇ يېزىسى | Aghu yëzisi | اغۇۇ ايىلى | Агуу айылы | 653001102 | |
| Katyaylak Township | 格达良乡 | Gédáliáng Xiāng | كاتتايلاق يېزىسى | kattaylaq yëzisi | كەتتئيلئك ايىلى | Кеттийлек айылы | 653001104 | |
| Karajül Township (Karajol Township) |
哈拉峻乡 | Hālājùn Xiāng | قاراجول يېزىسى | qarajol yëzisi | قاراجۉل ايىلى | Кара-Жүл айылы | 653001105 | |
| Tugurmiti Township | 吐古买提乡 | Tǔgǔmǎití Xiāng | تۈگۈرمىتى يېزىسى | tügürmiti yëzisi | تەگىرمەتى ايىلى | Тегирмети айылы | 653001106 | |
Other:
- Red Flag Farm of 3rd Division, XPCC (兵团农三师红旗农场)
Economy
Artush's economy is primarily agriculture, the agricultural products are mainly cotton, grapes, and sheep.
Industries in Artush include salt-making, cotton-ginning, food processing and cooking oil processing. Agricultural products include wheat, corn, sorghum, sesame, rice and others, and the local specialty is the common fig. Sheep are the main livestock in Artush.
The Artush City Vocational Skills Education Training Service Center in Artush has served as one of the Xinjiang internment camps.
Demographics
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 200,345 | — |
| 2010 | 240,368 | +1.84% |
| 2015 | 269,317 | +2.30% |
| 2018 | 285,507 | +1.96% |
| Sources: | ||
As of 1997, 81.5% of the population of Artush was Uyghur.
As of 1999, 79.68 per cent of the population of Artush were Uyghur and 7.21 per cent of the population were Han Chinese.
As of 2015, 216,651 (80.44%) of the 269,317 residents of Artush were Uyghurs, 30,174 (11.20%) were Kyrgyz, 21,754 (8.08%) were Han Chinese and 738 were from other ethnic groups.
As of 2018, the population of Artush was 285,507.
Transportation
Artush is served by the Southern Xinjiang Railway.
Notable people
- Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan
- Sabit Damolla, Prime Minister of the First East Turkestan Republic
- Saifuddin Azizi, first Chairman of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
- Ghulam Osman Yaghma, 4th President of the East Turkestan Government-in-Exile
- Anwar Yusuf Turani
- Ilham Tohti
- Salih Hudayar
Historical maps
Historical English-language maps including Artush:
-
Map including Artush A-t'u-shih (DMA, 1983) -
![Map including Artush (labeled as A-T'U-SHIH (ARTUSH)) (AMS, 1966)[b]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Txu-oclc-6654394-nj-43-5th-ed.jpg/215px-Txu-oclc-6654394-nj-43-5th-ed.jpg)
Map including Artush (labeled as A-T'U-SHIH (ARTUSH)) (AMS, 1966) -
![From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Artush (A-t'u-shih) (DMA, 1980)[c]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Operational_Navigation_Chart_G-7%2C_6th_edition.jpg/331px-Operational_Navigation_Chart_G-7%2C_6th_edition.jpg)
From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Artush (A-t'u-shih) (DMA, 1980) -
![Map including Artush (A-t'u-shih) (DMA, 1984)[d]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_g-7a.jpg/335px-Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_g-7a.jpg)
Map including Artush (A-t'u-shih) (DMA, 1984)
![Map including Artush (labeled as A-T'U-SHIH (ARTUSH)) (AMS, 1966)[b]](/key/File:Txu-oclc-6654394-nj-43-5th-ed.jpg)
![From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Artush (A-t'u-shih) (DMA, 1980)[c]](/key/File:Operational_Navigation_Chart_G-7,_6th_edition.jpg)
![Map including Artush (A-t'u-shih) (DMA, 1984)[d]](/key/File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_g-7a.jpg)
Notes
- ^ Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe UTC+6 (Xinjiang Time), 2 hours behind Beijing.
- ^ From map: "DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE"
- ^ From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative."
- ^ From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative"
References
- ^ 阿图什市历史沿革 [Artux City Historical Development] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 29 January 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
2000年第五次人口普查，阿图什市常住总人口200345人，{...}2003年，全市总面积15697.78平方千米，{...}2010年第六次人口普查，阿图什市常住总人口240368人，其中：幸福路街道21786人，光明路街道36316人，松他克乡36849人，阿扎克乡38574人，阿湖乡16189人，上阿图什乡45847人，格达良乡16248人，哈拉峻乡15931人，吐古买提乡9009人，兵团农三师红旗农场3619人。
- ^ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
- ^ Fred Hiatt (3 November 2019). "In China, every day is Kristallnacht". The Washington Post. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
The dome of a Uighur mosque in Artush, Xinjiang, was removed in 2018.
- ^ Asim Kashgarian (1 December 2019). "US: China Targets Uighur Mosques to Eradicate Minority's Faith". Voice of America. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
Artush Eshtachi Grand Mosque is seen in Artush, in China's northwest Xinjiang province.
10/8/2016 9/8/2018
39°41′33.46″N 76°7′25.88″E
Satellite imagery with a comparative analysis of Artush Eshtachi Mosque. - ^ Mu Xuequan, ed. (19 January 2020). "5.2-magnitude quake hits Xinjiang: CENC". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on September 29, 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
the city of Artux in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- ^ "Atush Roads Fenced Off, Residents Confined to Homes, as Xinjiang Stares Down Virus Advance". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
- ^ 阿图什市概况. xzqh.org. 2015-01-29. Retrieved 2019-09-30.
- ^ 3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 [3-7 Population by Nationality by Prefecture, State, City and County (City)]. tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn (in Chinese). Statistical Bureau of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. 2020-06-10. Archived from the original on 2020-11-01. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
- ^ Xia Zhengyi 夏征农; Chen Zhili 陈至立, eds. (September 2009). 辞海：第六版彩图本 [Cihai (Sixth Edition in Color)] (in Chinese). Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House. p. 0017. ISBN 9787532628599.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ 2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：阿图什市 [2019 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Artux City] (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
统计用区划代码 名称 653001001000 幸福路街道 653001002000 光明路街道 653001003000 新城街道 653001100000 上阿图什镇 653001200000 松他克乡 653001201000 阿扎克乡 653001202000 阿湖乡 653001204000 格达良乡 653001205000 哈拉峻乡 653001206000 吐古买提乡 653001500000 兵团农三师红旗农场
- ^ 阿图什市行政区划 (in Simplified Chinese). Artux People's Government. 12 June 2019. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
阿图什市于1986年经国务院批准撤县设市，辖7乡、3场、2个街道办事处
- ^ Xie Yuzhong 解玉忠 (2003). 地名中的新疆 (in Simplified Chinese). Ürümqi: 新疆人民出版社. pp. 189–190. ISBN 7-228-08004-1.
- ^ Karajül (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- ^ 生物景观类 (in Simplified Chinese). Artush People's Government. 12 June 2019. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
柳树林距哈拉峻乡政府驻地约26千米，占地数十亩。
- ^ Hannah Knowles; Kim Bellware; Lateshia Beachum (25 November 2019). "Secret documents detail inner workings of China's mass detention camps for minorities". The Washington Post. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
A guard tower and barbed wire fences are seen around a section of the Artux City Vocational Skills Education Training Service Center in Artux in western China's Xinjiang region in December. This is one of a growing number of internment camps in the Xinjiang region.
- ^ 3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 (in Simplified Chinese). شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى 新疆维吾尔自治区统计局 Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
- ^ 1997年阿图什市行政区划 [1997 Artush City Administrative Divisions] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 31 December 2010. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州辖市，州府驻地。位于自治州西南部，与吉尔吉斯斯坦接壤。面积1.5万平方千米，人口18.4万，有柯尔克孜、维吾尔、汉、回、哈萨克、塔吉克等16个民族，其中维吾尔族占81.5％，辖2街道7乡。（本页根据《中国政区大典》整理，1997年左右资料）
- ^ Morris Rossabi, ed. (2004). Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers (PDF). University of Washington Press. p. 179. ISBN 0-295-98390-6.
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