Avignonet Massacre
Guillaume Arnaud and Etienne de Saint-Thibery, the chief inquisitors of the County of Toulouse were visiting Avignonet. Arnaud and Saint-Thibery were lodged at the castle of Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse. The count's nephew, Raymond d'Alfaro sent a letter to Montsegur, where there were a number of prominent Cathars, including Pierre Roger. The letter informed Pierre Roger that the inquisitors were in Avignonet.
Pierre Roger set out for Avignonet with about 15 knights and 40 horse riding sergeants, which was about half of his Montsegur garrison. Pierre Roger stopped at the town of Gaja-la-Selve, taking up a reserve position while the others continued.
By nightfall, the raiders had arrived at Avignonet. A messenger continued to give them information about the activities of the inquisitors. Sympathetic locals opened the gates for the raiders and twelve knights and fifteen locals marched toward the castle. The raiders broke down the castle door and hacked the inquisitors to death. Eleven men died. The castle was then looted.
The massacre was celebrated by Cathars in short vernacular songs (coblas esparsas). Eventually, the French government decided to crack down on the Cathars, resulting in the Siege of Montségur from 1243 to 1244.
Victims
The twelve victims at Avignonet were:
- William Arnaud, a Dominican, the inquisitor
- Stephen of Saint-Thibéry, a Franciscan, the assistant Inquisitor
- Garcia d'Aure, a Dominican lay brother
- Bernard de Roquefort, a Dominican
- Raymond Carbonier, the representative of the bishop
- Raymond Cortisan, an archdeacon
- Pierre d'Arnaud, a lay notary
- Fortanerius, a Franciscan
- Ademar, a monk of Chiusa
- two Benedictine monks
- the prior of Avignonet
They are recognized as martyrs by the Catholic Church and were beatified on 6 September 1866 by Pope Pius IX.
References
- ^ Andrew P. Roach; James R. Simpson (2016). Heresy and the Making of European Culture - Medieval and Modern Perspectives. Taylor and Francis. p. 349. ISBN 978-1-317-12250-0. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
- ^ Peter Vronsky (2002). "MONTSEGUR A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE FORTRESS - THE MASSACRE OF THE INQUISITORS AT AVIGNONET". Retrieved 26 June 2021.
- ^ Sean McGlynn (2015). Kill Them All - Cathars and Carnage in the Albigensian Crusade. History Press. ISBN 9780750951944. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
- ^ Léglu, Catherine (2002), "Vernacular Poems and Inquisitors in Languedoc and Champagne, ca. 1242–1249", Viator, 33: 119–121, doi:10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300542.
- ^ Basil Watkins (2016), The Book of Saints: A Comprehensive Biographical Dictionary (8th rev. ed.), Bloomsbury, p. 766.
Further reading
- Dossat, Yves (1971). "Le massacre d'Avignonet". Cahiers de Fanjeaux. 6 (1): 343–359. doi:10.3406/cafan.1971.1024.
- Oldenbourg, Zoé (1961). Massacre at Montségur: A History of the Albiegensian Crusade. Translated by Peter Green. Pantheon Books.