Balangoda is a town in Ratnapura District, Sabaragamuwa Province, Sri Lanka, governed by an urban council located 143 kilometres (89 mi) away from Colombo and 43 kilometres (27 mi) from Ratnapura on Colombo - Batticaloa Highway(A4). It is one of the largest towns of the Sabaragamuwa Province. According to the 2001 census, Balangoda has a population of 16,875 and area of 16.2 km (4,000 acres).

Balangoda is notable due to the discovery of skeletal Hominini remains from the late Quaternary period (the earliest reliably dated record of anatomically modern humans in South Asia). The town is also the birthplace of Balangoda Ananda Maitreya Thero and Sirimavo Bandaranaike (the world's first female head of government) the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1960–65, 1970–77 and 1994–2000).

Balangoda is situated in the hilly central region of central Sri Lanka on Sabaragamuwa Mountain Range. The main livelihoods of this region are farming (vegetables, fruits, and spices), rice cultivation for mainly local consumption, tea cultivation for international markets as a commercial crop and gem mining.

Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka

The main schools in the area are:

• Balangoda Kanaganayagam Tamil Central College (National School)
• Balangoda Ananda Maithreya National School (Central College)
• Vidyaloka Maha Vidyalaya
• R/B/C.C.Tamil Maha Vidyalyam
• Meddakanda Maha Vidyalaya
• Meddekanda Tamil Vidyalaya
• R/Bulathgama Maha Vidyalaya
• R/Rassagala Maha Vidyalaya
• Jeilani Central College
• Sri Buddha Jayanthi Central College
• Sri Shariputhra Maha Vidyalaya (The school is located in Imbulpe Divisional Secretariat which is adjoining to Balangoda Divisional Secretariat.)
• St Agnes Balika Maha Vidyalaya (St. Agnes Convent)
• Udagama Maha Vidyalaya
• Walagamba Maha Vidyalaya-Weligepola

• Balangoda Man