Bato, officially the Municipality of Bato, is a municipality in the province of Catanduanes, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 21,748 people.

The Spanish colonizers, who surveyed the early settlers of the area, recorded the name "Bato" and later this became the town's name. There are several unproven theories when and why the town was named "Bato", like it came from the name of the "water Wells", or it came from the Tagalog word bato, meaning "rock". Another legend states that a Spaniard asked a settler woman the name of the settlement, and she replied "Bato". There is no certainty whether the woman understood the question or not, whether she referred to her own name or the name of the settlement itself, or to their early occupations of the area.

It has been known that the early Muslim settlers came from Borneo and Malaysia during the 13th century before the Spanish colonization. Many of these Muslim settlers were traders and carried their names like "Bato" who started their settlements in the area and later spread to the other regions of Visayas, Mindanao, and Luzon. Many of Bato's ascendants' and descendants' names originated from the three places in the Philippines named Bato—the other two being Bato, Camarines Sur and Bato, Leyte. Interestingly, of the three municipalities, only the town of Bato in Catanduanes differs in pronunciation, with the stress at the first syllable instead of the second.

At early morning on November 1, 2020, Super Typhoon Goni, locally known as Super Typhoon Rolly and the current record holder for the most intense landfalling tropical cyclone in terms of 1-minute maximum sustained winds, made landfall in the municipality and left widespread damage.

Bato is located at the south-eastern portion of Catanduanes and is bounded on the north by the municipality of San Miguel; on the north-east by the municipality of Baras; on the east by the Philippine Sea; on the south by Cabugao Bay and on the west of Virac, the capital town of Catanduanes which is just 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from Bato.

Stability and permeability of basic rock formation could be seen in the geologic map the existence of fault line along barangays Oguis, Sipi, Binanuahan, Cabugao and San Andres. These areas are considered critical especially in terms of development as urban expansion. Like other municipalities in the province of Catanduanes, Bato has many mineral deposits like gold, manganese, coal and copper.

The municipality of Bato is composed of five kinds of soils: hydrosol, mountain soil, alimodian clay loam, Louisiana clay, and San Miguel silt loam.

The elevation rises from sea level to about 700 metres (2,300 ft) above sea level. The flat lands are mostly found along the coast of Cabugao Bay along the banks of the Bato River. These flat lands with a slope of 0-3% occupies an average area of 25-30% of the entire area of Bato. The Poblacion which is located along the eastern side of the Bato River is among the barangays having this slope, characterized to be level to nearly level land. However, due to its location, the Poblacion together with the adjoining barangays frequently suffer floods. The eastern portion of Bato which faces the Pacific Ocean has a slope ranging between 3-30% slope. These areas shield the lowlands of the municipality from the incoming winds of the Pacific. These areas are mostly planted with orchards, hard wood trees and abaca.

The Bato River stretches as far as Viga to Cabugao Bay. Once it was abundant in marine life but due to erosion and consistent flooding, the riverbed has been dumped with soil and this caused the river to get shallow and dry up. In the southern part of the Bato River is a delta, locally known as the Napo. Here farmers grow their agriculture such as peanuts, sweet potatoes, corn, beans, coconuts and palms. It is also the site for settling carabaos.

The river divides Bato into the east and west district. The Bato bridge, the longest in the Bicol region, spans the river from Baranggay Tilis to Baranggay Sipi. The old bridge is located in Baranggay Balongbong, and it was destroyed during the flooding of supertyphoon Rosing in 1995.

Bato is politically subdivided into 27 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Like other towns in the pacific island, Bato is frequented by typhoons. This can happen up to 20 times per year, with some typhoons developing into really devastating calamities that can level entire towns. Flooding ensues in the Poblacion due to the river overflowing its banks.

Otherwise, the weather is a standard tropical weather, with the dry season settling in as early as January, and the wet season starting on June. Monsoon seasons pick up during the -ber months, in which the locals expect more typhoons to come.

Population census of Bato

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1903	8,438	—
1918	12,888	+2.86%
1939	17,230	+1.39%
1948	18,716	+0.92%
1960	13,339	−2.78%
1970	13,948	+0.45%
1975	15,415	+2.03%
1980	15,099	−0.41%
1990	15,331	+0.15%
1995	16,535	+1.43%
2000	17,761	+1.55%
2007	18,738	+0.74%
2010	19,984	+2.37%
2015	21,279	+1.20%
2020	21,748	+0.43%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

In the 2020 census, the population of Bato, Catanduanes, was 21,748 people, with a density of 450 inhabitants per square kilometre or 1,200 inhabitants per square mile.

Poverty incidence of Bato

10 20 30 40 2006 33.10 2009 30.89 2012 23.54 2015 34.11 2018 14.55 2021 18.34 Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

• Municipality of Bato
• Philippine Standard Geographic Code
• Philippine Census Information