Beloit (/bəˈlɔɪt/ bə-LOYT) is a city in Rock County, Wisconsin, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 36,657 people. Beloit is a principal city of the Janesville–Beloit metropolitan statistical area and is included in the Madison–Janesville–Beloit combined statistical area.

History

Twelve men in Colebrook, New Hampshire created the "New England Emigrating Company" in October 1836, and sent Horace White to find a suitable region of Wisconsin in which to settle. The level fields and the water power of Turtle Creek and "unlimited gravel" in the area around what is now Beloit fixed the site of the village and farms. White purchased the land. At the same time as the Colebrook settlers, six families from Bedford, New Hampshire, arrived and settled in the region. They said the Rock River Valley had a "New England look" that made them feel at home. The village was platted in 1838 and was planned with wide streets, building on the New England model.

Beloit was originally named New Albany (after Albany, Vermont) in 1837 by its founder, Caleb Blodgett. The name was changed to Beloit in 1838. The name was coined to be reminiscent of Detroit.

Beloit lays claim to such inventions as the speedometer, John Francis Appleby's twine binder, and Korn Kurls, which resemble Cheetos, was the original puffed cheese snack.

Historic buildings

Beloit's 1889 Water Tower Place began demolition in 1935, which was halted because of the cost. A historic pump station is nearby.

The Fairbanks Flats were built in 1917 to house the rush of African Americans moving to the area from the Southern United States.

Pearsons Hall of Science was designed by the architectural firm Burnham and Root for Beloit College as a science center.

The Lathrop-Munn Cobblestone House was originally built for politician John Hackett.

The Castle at 501 Prospect was built as First Presbyterian Church in 1902. It now operates as a Performing Arts Center and Music School.

Downtown Beloit and the riverfront

Downtown Beloit is the city's historic economic, cultural and social center. North of the confluence of the Rock River and Turtle Creek, the downtown is anchored by a core of historic buildings and the Ironworks office and industrial campus. Beloit's riverfront park system, mainly Riverside Park, extends north of downtown along the east bank toward the Town of Beloit.

Downtown Beloit is one of two inaugural members of the Wisconsin Main Street designation.

Railroad heritage

Beloit was served by the Milwaukee Road, and the Chicago & North Western Railroad (C&NW). In its 1980 bankruptcy, the Milwaukee Road disposed of the Southwestern Line. The Union Pacific, which took over the C&NW, operates in Beloit today over a remnant of the former Milwaukee Road, providing a rail connection to Fairbanks-Morse Engine manufacturing facility. The CPKC operates other trackage in Beloit. The city also had an electric interurban railroad.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 17.66 square miles (45.74 km), of which 17.33 square miles (44.88 km) is land and 0.33 square miles (0.85 km) is water. Location: 42°30′30″N 89°01′54″W / 42.50833°N 89.03167°W / 42.50833; -89.03167.

The city is adjacent to the Town of Beloit, Town of Turtle, and the Illinois municipality of South Beloit.

Most of Beloit's development is occurring on the east side, adjacent to Interstates 39/90 and Interstate 43, where the city annexed rural land for Beloit Gateway Industrial Park, as well as in the newly revitalized downtown along the Rock River.

Climate

Beloit Climate chart (explanation) J F M A M J J A S O N D     104     −6 −11     90     −4 −12     63     9 −5     155     19 3     96     24 9     168     28 15     87     27 18     113     25 16     67     24 13     89     15 6     58     8 −1     68     −3 −12 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm Source: Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     4.1     21 12     3.5     25 10     2.5     48 23     6.1     66 37     3.8     75 48     6.6     82 59     3.4     81 64     4.4     77 61     2.6     75 55     3.5     59 43     2.3     46 30     2.7     27 10 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1860	4,098		—
1870	4,396		7.3%
1880	4,790		9.0%
1890	6,315		31.8%
1900	10,436		65.3%
1910	15,125		44.9%
1920	21,284		40.7%
1930	23,611		10.9%
1940	25,365		7.4%
1950	29,590		16.7%
1960	32,846		11.0%
1970	35,729		8.8%
1980	35,207		−1.5%
1990	35,573		1.0%
2000	35,775		0.6%
2010	36,966		3.3%
2020	36,657		−0.8%
U.S. Decennial Census

2020 census

As of the census of 2020, the population was 36,657. The population density was 2,115.0 inhabitants per square mile (816.6/km). There were 15,068 housing units at an average density of 869.4 per square mile (335.7/km). The racial makeup of the city was 60.0% White, 14.5% Black or African American, 1.6% Asian, 1.0% Native American, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 11.4% from other races, and 11.3% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 21.3% Hispanic or Latino of any race.

2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 36,966 people, 13,781 households, and 8,867 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,128.2 inhabitants per square mile (821.7/km). There were 15,177 housing units at an average density of 873.7 per square mile (337.3/km). The racial makeup of the city was 68.9% White, 15.1% African American, 0.4% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 10.0% from other races, and 4.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.1% of the population.

There were 13,781 households, of which 36.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.6% were married couples living together, 18.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.7% were non-families. 29.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.16.

The median age in the city was 33.1 years. 27.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 12.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.7% were from 25 to 44; 23.1% were from 45 to 64; 12% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.9% male and 52.1% female.

Government

Beloit is represented by Mark Spreitzer and Stephen Nass in the Wisconsin State Senate, Clinton Anderson and Ellen Schutt in the Wisconsin State Assembly, Bryan Steil in the United States House of Representatives, and Ron Johnson and Tammy Baldwin in the United States Senate.

Beloit has a council-manager system of government, with seven council members, each elected for two-year terms. Four members are elected in even years and three in odd years. City council elections are held annually in April. The city council establishes policies for the city and appoints a city manager to implement those policies. The current city manager, Jerry Gabrielatos, started on February 20, 2023.

Economy

Industries with headquarters in Beloit include ABC Supply Company, Bio-Systems International, Broaster Company, Fairbanks-Morse Defense, Hendricks Holding Company, Murmac Paint Manufacturing, PlayMonster, and Regal Beloit.

Downtown Beloit is a dense cluster of mostly small shops and boutiques. The area has been recognized for increased investment and renewal since the 1990s. Upscale downtown condominiums and hotels were introduced after 2000 with the construction of the Hotel Hilton Apartments (2001), the Beloit Inn (now the Ironworks Hotel, 2003), Heritage View (2005), Phoenix Project (2013), Hotel Goodwin (2018), and the Wright & Wagner Lofts (2021).

From the 1990s to 2011, downtown Beloit received direct public and private investment totaling more than $75 million. In 2011, Beloit was a Great American Main Street Award winner. In 2012, Beloit was listed #17 on Travel and Leisure's list of America's Greatest Mainstreets.

Education

The School District of Beloit serves 5,923 students in six primary schools, four intermediate schools, and one high school, with alternative programming and charter schools. Beloit Memorial High School is the city's public high school.

The majority of Beloit is in the Beloit school district, though some portions are in the Beloit Turner School District.

Beloit College, a private liberal arts college with undergraduate enrollment around 1,300, is in the city, with the main campus adjacent to downtown. The campus has a number of prehistoric Native American mounds.

Blackhawk Technical College, a public technical school, has a campus in downtown Beloit.

Beloit has a public library that is part of the Arrowhead Library System.

Media

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Beloit's main newspaper is The Beloit Daily News, a daily (published Monday through Friday) paper owned by Adams Publishing Group, LLC, and serving the Wisconsin/Illinois stateline area. The Janesville Gazette, also owned by Adams Publishing Group, also serves Beloit.

Beloit is a part of the Madison television market, but due to its proximity to Rockford, stations from Rockford also serve the city and report on local stories and information (weather, school closings, etc.) relating to Beloit.

Radio stations broadcasting to Beloit include WBEL (1380 AM), which is licensed to South Beloit, Illinois and operates studios in Janesville, WGEZ (1490 AM) and WBCR (103.5 FM), which is owned by the Board of Trustees of Beloit College. Beloit is also served by radio stations from nearby Janesville, including WCLO (1230 AM), WJVL (99.9 FM) and WWHG (105.9 FM), as well as WSLD (104.5 FM) and WSJY (107.3 FM), licensed to Whitewater and Fort Atkinson respectively. Stations from Madison and Rockford are also receivable.

Culture

• Beloit Art Center
• Beloit Civic Theatre
• Beloit Historical Society
• Beloit Janesville Symphony Orchestra
• The Castle Performing Arts Center
• Logan Museum of Anthropology
• Turtle Creek Chamber Orchestra
• Wright Museum of Art
• Beloit City Hall – this houses a mural portraying the history of Beloit, completed in 1985 by artist Martha Nessler Hayden.

Festivals

Beloit's main festivals include:

• Beloit Autorama
• Beloit Farmers' Market
• Beloit International Film Festival
• Dancing at Harry's Place
• Downtown Beloit Street Dance
• Fridays in the Park
• Music at Harry's Place
• Winterfest

Recreation

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Beloit is home to a professional minor league baseball team, the Beloit Sky Carp, who play in the High-A Central and are the High A affiliate of the Miami Marlins. The Sky Carp play their games at ABC Supply Stadium. Until August 3, 2021, they played at Harry C. Pohlman Field.

Transportation

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Transit

The Beloit Transit System is the primary provider of mass transportation. Four regular routes provide service from Monday through Saturday. In collaboration with the Janesville Transit System, BTS operates an express route between the two cities.

Routes

• Red East Side Cranston
• Blue West Side
• Yellow North End-Prairie
• Brown Beloit-Janesville

Roads

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (July 2020)

	Interstate 90 Westbound (Northbound) routes to Janesville and Madison. Eastbound (Southbound) routes to Rockford, Illinois. This is a full interstate grade freeway that runs on the east side of the city, although the I-90 is overall a west–east interstate the section in Beloit runs north–south.
	Interstate 39 runs entirely concurrently with Interstate 90 through the city of Beloit.
	Interstate 43 terminates at I-90/39 in Beloit, it routes Northbound to Milwaukee
	U.S. Route 51 runs through the center and partly the south side of the city. Northbound routes to Janesville, Madison, and Wausau. Southbound routes to South Beloit, Illinois and Rockford.

Air

Beloit Airport is a small public-use GA airport within the city. It offers hangars for storing aircraft, gliders, and sky diving.

Southern Wisconsin Regional Airport is a public airport north of Beloit in Rock County. Formerly known as Rock County Airport, it is owned and operated by the Rock County government. The airport has no scheduled commercial passenger service.

Dane County Regional Airport and Rockford International Airport are the closest airports to Beloit that offer scheduled airline service.

Notable people

Images

• 
  Fairbanks-Morse
• 
  Beloit Water Tower, constructed in 1889
• 
  Beloit Ironworks, a group of restored industrial buildings along the city's downtown riverfront
• 
  Middle College, on the Beloit College campus, Wisconsin's oldest academic building still in use
• 
  The Lathrop-Munn Cobblestone House

See also

• Thompson Observatory