Billings, Russia
Etymology
Like the neighbouring village of Mys Shmidta, Billings is named after a nearby cape, which in turn was named after British Captain Joseph Billings (1758—1806) who was at the service of the Russian Imperial Navy during Catherine the Great's reign. The cape itself marks the point of separation between the Chukchi Sea and the East Siberian Sea. Joseph Billings was an English-born member of the Russian navy who in 1785, together with C. G. Sarychevym, was part of the expedition that mapped and researched the coast of North-Eastern Siberia. Using reindeer, he crossed Chukotka as far as Kolyuchinskaya Guba and mapped the area.
The local Chukchi people originally called the place "Valkyran", meaning a dugout of whale jaws. This is in reference to the remains of an ancient Inuit camp consisting of a number of homes dug into the soil and constructed of wood and the bones of the Greenland whale.
History
In 1935, a polar station was established on the site of the village for the first time, and two years later the first national council was established in the area named Valkyran after their traditional name for the area. In 1948, the local Chukchi herders were collectivised and named their new Sovkhoz after Lenin.
Geography
Billings is located on the coast of the East Siberian Sea, part of the Arctic Ocean, just east of Cape Billings. Other than the mining settlements of Leningradsky and Mys Shmidta, Billings is one of the few populated areas in this part of Russia between Cape Shelag and Cape Dezhnyov. Billings is situated near the former Chukchi settlement of Gytkhelen.
Demographics
The population of the village according to the most recent census data is 211, of whom 109 are male and 102 female, a significant decrease on a 2006 estimate of 324.
Administrative and municipal jurisdiction
Billings was part of Shmidtovsky Municipal District of Chukotka until that district was merged into Iultinsky Municipal District in 2008. On December 15, 2009, Billings was transferred to Chaunsky Municipal District. Administratively, however, Billings remained under the jurisdiction of Shmidtovsky Administrative District until the latter was merged into Iultinsky Administrative District in 2011 and ceased to exist.
Climate
Billings has an arctic tundra climate (Köppen climate classification ET) with extremely long, bitterly cold winters and very short, cold summers. Precipitation is low throughout the year, with summers being somewhat wetter than winters.
| Climate data for Cape Billings (Climate ID:25062) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 7.8 (46.0) |
5.5 (41.9) |
6.2 (43.2) |
9.1 (48.4) |
12.8 (55.0) |
24.6 (76.3) |
29.0 (84.2) |
25.5 (77.9) |
18.1 (64.6) |
10.9 (51.6) |
5.2 (41.4) |
6.0 (42.8) |
29.0 (84.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −23.5 (−10.3) |
−23.4 (−10.1) |
−20.7 (−5.3) |
−13.6 (7.5) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
4.8 (40.6) |
7.4 (45.3) |
6.7 (44.1) |
2.7 (36.9) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−13.5 (7.7) |
−20.3 (−4.5) |
−8.4 (16.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −26.9 (−16.4) |
−26.8 (−16.2) |
−24.7 (−12.5) |
−17.8 (0.0) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
1.7 (35.1) |
3.9 (39.0) |
3.5 (38.3) |
0.3 (32.5) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
−16.9 (1.6) |
−23.7 (−10.7) |
−11.7 (10.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −30.4 (−22.7) |
−30.2 (−22.4) |
−28.2 (−18.8) |
−21.9 (−7.4) |
−8.5 (16.7) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
1.4 (34.5) |
1.2 (34.2) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
−10.8 (12.6) |
−20.4 (−4.7) |
−27.3 (−17.1) |
−14.8 (5.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −49.3 (−56.7) |
−50.7 (−59.3) |
−45.3 (−49.5) |
−40.6 (−41.1) |
−33.8 (−28.8) |
−13 (9) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
−16.3 (2.7) |
−33.9 (−29.0) |
−40.4 (−40.7) |
−45.4 (−49.7) |
−50.7 (−59.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 11 (0.4) |
9 (0.4) |
7 (0.3) |
10 (0.4) |
11 (0.4) |
16 (0.6) |
27 (1.1) |
27 (1.1) |
22 (0.9) |
21 (0.8) |
18 (0.7) |
11 (0.4) |
190 (7.5) |
| Source: Roshydromet | |||||||||||||
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | 274 | — |
| 2010 | 211 | −23.0% |
| 2021 | 154 | −27.0% |
| Source: Census data | ||
See also
References
- ^ Law #33-OZ, Article 13.2
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ The results of the 2010 Census are given for Billings Rural Settlement, a municipal formation of Chaunsky Municipal District. According to Law #148-OZ, Billings is the only inhabited locality on the territory of Billings Rural Settlement.
- ^ Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Численность постоянного населения Чукотского автономного округа по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2016 года Archived 2016-08-16 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- ^ Law #46-OZ, Article 5.1
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation Archived 2012-02-08 at the Wayback Machine Chaunsky Municipal District (in Russian)
- ^ Strogoff, p. 143
- ^ Information on Billings Archived 2013-12-23 at the Wayback Machine Official Chaunsky District Website
- ^ V.V. Leontev and K.A. Novikova, Топонимический словарь северо-востока СССР (Toponymic Dictionary of the Northeastern USSR) (1989) Magadan. p.95
- ^ McKnight and Hess, pp.235–7
- ^ "Climate of Cape Billings" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved 3 November 2019.
Sources
- Дума Чукотского автономного округа. Закон №33-ОЗ от 30 июня 1998 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Чукотского автономного округа», в ред. Закона №55-ОЗ от 9 июня 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Чукотского автономного округа "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Чукотского автономного округа"». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня его официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости", №7 (28), 14 мая 1999 г. (Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Law #33-OZ of June 30, 1998 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Law #55-OZ of June 9, 2012 On Amending the Law of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug". Effective as of after ten days from the day of the official publication.). (in Russian)
- Дума Чукотского автономного округа. Закон №46-ОЗ от 29 ноября 2004 г. «О статусе, границах и административных центрах муниципальных образований на территории Чаунского района Чукотского автономного округа», в ред. Закона №125-ОЗ от 2 декабря 2011 г. «О внесении изменений в Приложение 2 к Закону Чукотского автономного округа "О статусе, границах и административных центрах муниципальных образований на территории Чаунского района Чукотского автономного округа"». Вступил в силу через десять дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости", №31/1 (178/1), 10 декабря 2004 г. (Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Law #46-OZ of November 29, 2004 On the Status, Borders, and Administrative Centers of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Chaunsky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Law #125-OZ of December 2, 2011 On Amending Appendix 2 of the Law of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug "On the Status, Borders, and Administrative Centers of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Chaunsky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication date.). (in Russian)
- McKnight, Tom L; Hess, Darrel (2000). "Climate Zones and Types". Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-020263-0.
- M Strogoff, P-C Brochet, and D. Auzias Petit Futé: Chukotka (2006). "Avant-Garde" Publishing House