Bobrowniki, Lublin Voivodeship
The history of Bobrowniki dates back to the early years of the Kingdom of Poland, when this area was under authority of a castellan from Sieciechow. At that time, the nearby Wieprz river was abundant with Eurasian beavers. These animals were regarded as royal property because of their precious furs and were protected from hunting by royal officials, known as bobrownicy (hence the name of the village).
The first documented mention of Bobrowniki comes from 1375, when it was located near the eastern border of Poland. The village was frequently destroyed in the raids of the Lithuanians, Yotvingians, Tatars and Rusyns. This ended in the late 14th century, when, after the Union of Krewo, the raids ended, and in the second half of the 15th century, Stanislaw Tarlo, the owner of Bobrowniki, managed to convince King Kazimierz Jagiellonczyk to grant Magdeburg rights to the village. It happened on July 24, 1485. Bobrowniki remained a small town, whose population reached its maximum in c. 1660, when it was almost 2,000. After that, Bobrowniki declined, and its population was decimated by cholera (1780–85), when 1,600 died.
After the Partitions of Poland Bobrowniki, which had for centuries belonged to Sandomierz Voivodeship, was annexed by the Habsburg Empire, and in 1815 – 1915 it belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. In 1840, Russian authorities built a fortress called Ivangorod, which later was renamed into Dęblin. Around the fortress a new town quickly emerged, together with an important railroad hub. Bobrowniki declined even further, finally losing its town charter after the January Uprising. The village now has a Baroque church, and two cemeteries – Roman Catholic and Jewish, as well as a monument dedicated to the Home Army.
