Brassempouy (French pronunciation: [bʁasɛ̃puj]; Gascon: Brassempoi) is a commune in the Landes department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

The settlement is on the route between Mont-de-Marsan and Orthez.

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1968	332	—
1975	309	−1.02%
1982	291	−0.85%
1990	279	−0.53%
1999	267	−0.49%
2009	302	+1.24%
2014	272	−2.07%
2020	263	−0.56%
Source: INSEE

The village became famous for its two nearby caves, and only 100 metres from each other, were among the first Paleolithic sites to be explored in France. They are known as the Galerie des Hyènes (Gallery of the Hyenas) and the Grotte du Pape (the "Pope's Cave"), in which the Venus of Brassempouy was discovered in 1892, accompanied by eight other human figures, often ignored, and an example of unfinished work, with multiple figures of women being carved at the same time. As a result, the four museums of history were established here.

• 
  The Venus of Brassempouy
• 
  Lithic core for Lithic reduction - Upper Paleolithic Muséum of Toulouse
• 
  Flint blade Muséum of Toulouse
• 
  Flint Burin Upper Paleolithic Muséum of Toulouse

• Communes of the Landes department