Bullock County, Alabama
A National Center for Education Statistics report released in January 2009 showed that Bullock County had the highest illiteracy rate in Alabama at 34 percent.
History
Bullock County was established by act of the state legislature dated December 5, 1866, with areas partitioned from Macon, Pike, Montgomery, and Barbour counties. The boundaries were changed in February 1867.
Prior to the arrival of white settlers, the future Bullock County was inhabited by Creek Indians. The Treaty of Fort Jackson (1814) ceded much of Alabama and Georgia to the US government, and the Creeks were removed completely after 1830. From 1818 through the 1830s, white settlers poured into the area, turning the rich soil into cotton-producing plantations and the area into one of the state's richest.
Bullock County was devastated by the Civil War. Its once-enslaved population (about seventy percent of the total population) had sustained its output, but their emancipation caused a sharp decline in the economy. In the aftermath, Bullock County elected two former slaves to the state legislature, but with end of Reconstruction, the black population were severely restricted and kept down.
By 1877 the boll weevil had migrated into Bullock County cotton fields from Mexico, and the area's economy was further depressed. A significant portion of the once-cotton-producing area was converted to a site of the Amateur Field Trial competition for bird dogs and a game preserve.
Geography
Prior to white settlement, the future Bullock County terrain was completely wooded. It still bears a significant coverage of trees, with the remainder having been cleared for agricultural or urban usage. A range of hills, called Chunnenugga Ridge, bisects the county running east to west. It forms the watershed for the Tallapoosa River on the north, and streams on the south that flow to the Gulf of Mexico, including the Conecuh River, which flows through the extreme west end of Florida to reach the Gulf. The highest point on this ridge (approximately 670 feet/200 meters ASL) lies about 3 miles (4.8 km) west of Sehoy Lake.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 625 square miles (1,620 km), of which 623 square miles (1,610 km) is land and 2.3 square miles (6.0 km) (0.4%) is water.
Adjacent counties
- Macon County - north
- Russell County - northeast
- Barbour County - southeast
- Pike County - southwest
- Montgomery County - west
Major highways
Airport
- Franklin Field - county-owned public-use airport, 5.2 miles (8.4 km) WNW from Union Springs.
Communities
City
- Union Springs (county seat)
Town
Census-designated place
Unincorporated communities
Ghost town
Demographics
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1870 | 24,474 | — | |
| 1880 | 29,066 | 18.8% | |
| 1890 | 27,063 | −6.9% | |
| 1900 | 31,944 | 18.0% | |
| 1910 | 30,196 | −5.5% | |
| 1920 | 25,333 | −16.1% | |
| 1930 | 20,016 | −21.0% | |
| 1940 | 19,810 | −1.0% | |
| 1950 | 16,054 | −19.0% | |
| 1960 | 13,462 | −16.1% | |
| 1970 | 11,824 | −12.2% | |
| 1980 | 10,596 | −10.4% | |
| 1990 | 11,042 | 4.2% | |
| 2000 | 11,714 | 6.1% | |
| 2010 | 10,914 | −6.8% | |
| 2020 | 10,357 | −5.1% | |
| 2023 (est.) | 9,897 | −4.4% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census 1790–1960 1900–1990 1990–2000 2010–2020 | |||
2020 Census
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 2,764 | 2,392 | 2,281 | 23.60% | 21.92% | 22.02% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 8,486 | 7,637 | 7,388 | 72.44% | 69.97% | 71.33% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 37 | 20 | 1 | 0.32% | 0.18% | 0.01% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 21 | 20 | 9 | 0.18% | 0.18% | 0.09% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 1 | 4 | 7 | 0.01% | 0.04% | 0.07% |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 6 | 5 | 31 | 0.05% | 0.05% | 0.30% |
| Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) | 77 | 59 | 137 | 0.66% | 0.54% | 1.32% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 322 | 777 | 503 | 2.75% | 7.12% | 4.86% |
| Total | 11,714 | 10,914 | 10,357 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 10,357 people, 3,521 households, and 2,504 families residing in the county.
2010 census
As of the 2010 United States census, there were 10,914 people in the county. 70.2% were Black or African American, 23.0% White, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 5.2% of some other race and 0.8% of two or more races. 7.1% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).
2000 census
As of the 2000 United States census, there were 11,714 people, 3,986 households, and 2,730 families in the county. The population density was 19 people per square mile (7.3 people/km). There were 4,727 housing units at an average density of 8 units per square mile (3.1 units/km). The racial makeup of the county was 73.11% Black or African American, 25.25% White, 0.38% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.37% from other races, and 0.70% from two or more races. 2.75% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 3,986 households, out of which 33.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.50% were married couples living together, 28.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.50% were non-families. 28.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.13.
The county population contained 26.10% under the age of 18, 10.30% from 18 to 24, 29.30% from 25 to 44, 21.20% from 45 to 64, and 13.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 110.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 113.40 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $20,605, and the median income for a family was $23,990. Males had a median income of $22,560 versus $19,069 for females. The per capita income for the county was $10,163. About 29.80% of families and 33.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 44.70% of those under age 18 and 29.10% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Bullock County contains one public school district. There are approximately 1,400 students in public PK-12 schools in Bullock County.
Districts
School districts include:
Government and infrastructure
Bullock County is powerfully Democratic. It was one of only six Wallace counties to vote for George McGovern against Richard Nixon's 3,000-plus-county landslide of 1972 and it was only one of nine counties to back Goldwater and McGovern, all of which are located in the Deep South.
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2020 | 1,146 | 24.84% | 3,446 | 74.70% | 21 | 0.46% |
| 2016 | 1,140 | 24.20% | 3,530 | 74.95% | 40 | 0.85% |
| 2012 | 1,251 | 23.51% | 4,061 | 76.31% | 10 | 0.19% |
| 2008 | 1,391 | 25.69% | 4,011 | 74.07% | 13 | 0.24% |
| 2004 | 1,494 | 31.67% | 3,210 | 68.05% | 13 | 0.28% |
| 2000 | 1,433 | 29.22% | 3,395 | 69.23% | 76 | 1.55% |
| 1996 | 1,154 | 26.32% | 3,078 | 70.21% | 152 | 3.47% |
| 1992 | 1,253 | 26.02% | 3,259 | 67.67% | 304 | 6.31% |
| 1988 | 1,421 | 31.00% | 3,122 | 68.11% | 41 | 0.89% |
| 1984 | 1,697 | 32.02% | 3,537 | 66.75% | 65 | 1.23% |
| 1980 | 1,446 | 25.65% | 3,960 | 70.25% | 231 | 4.10% |
| 1976 | 1,482 | 29.10% | 3,536 | 69.44% | 74 | 1.45% |
| 1972 | 2,178 | 47.44% | 2,321 | 50.56% | 92 | 2.00% |
| 1968 | 190 | 4.37% | 1,964 | 45.18% | 2,193 | 50.45% |
| 1964 | 1,516 | 57.64% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,114 | 42.36% |
| 1960 | 412 | 35.09% | 757 | 64.48% | 5 | 0.43% |
| 1956 | 304 | 24.28% | 812 | 64.86% | 136 | 10.86% |
| 1952 | 442 | 32.50% | 918 | 67.50% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 10 | 1.24% | 0 | 0.00% | 799 | 98.76% |
| 1944 | 24 | 2.22% | 1,056 | 97.78% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 18 | 1.36% | 1,301 | 98.64% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 5 | 0.42% | 1,188 | 99.50% | 1 | 0.08% |
| 1932 | 12 | 1.18% | 1,004 | 98.72% | 1 | 0.10% |
| 1928 | 249 | 26.27% | 699 | 73.73% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 8 | 1.04% | 763 | 98.83% | 1 | 0.13% |
| 1920 | 2 | 0.23% | 877 | 99.66% | 1 | 0.11% |
| 1916 | 4 | 0.53% | 743 | 99.20% | 2 | 0.27% |
| 1912 | 4 | 0.54% | 736 | 99.19% | 2 | 0.27% |
| 1908 | 10 | 1.26% | 782 | 98.74% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1904 | 0 | 0.00% | 726 | 99.73% | 2 | 0.27% |
| 1900 | 269 | 14.42% | 1,586 | 84.99% | 11 | 0.59% |
| 1896 | 749 | 27.11% | 1,867 | 67.57% | 147 | 5.32% |
| 1892 | 75 | 2.20% | 1,844 | 54.20% | 1,483 | 43.59% |
| 1888 | 465 | 39.37% | 716 | 60.63% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1884 | 296 | 33.67% | 580 | 65.98% | 3 | 0.34% |
| 1880 | 656 | 84.10% | 124 | 15.90% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1876 | 959 | 37.97% | 1,567 | 62.03% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1872 | 3,101 | 71.68% | 1,225 | 28.32% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1868 | 2,103 | 56.28% | 1,634 | 43.72% | 0 | 0.00% |
Alabama Department of Corrections operates the Bullock Correctional Facility in an unincorporated area in the county.
Climate
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See also
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Bullock County, Alabama
- Properties on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in Bullock County, Alabama