Caldecote is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Denton and Caldecote, in Cambridgeshire, England. Caldecote lies approximately 7 miles (11 km) south-west of Peterborough. Caldecote is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England. In 1931 the parish had a population of 27.

The former Parish Church of St Mary Magdalene, a Grade II* listed building, is now a private dwelling.

William the Conqueror ordered that a survey should be carried out across his kingdom to discover who owned which parts and what it was worth. The survey took place in 1086 and the results were recorded in what, since the 12th century, has become known as the Domesday Book. Starting with the king himself, for each landholder within a county there is a list of their estates or manors; and, for each manor, there is a summary of the resources of the manor, the amount of annual rent that was collected by the lord of the manor both in 1066 and in 1086, together with the taxable value.

Caldecote was listed in the Domesday Book in the Hundred of Norman Cross in Huntingdonshire. In 1086 there were two manors at Caldecote; the annual rent paid to the lords of the manors in 1066 had been £4 and the rent had increased to £5 in 1086. The Domesday Book does not explicitly detail the population of a place but it records that there was 12 households at Caldecote. There is no consensus about the average size of a household at that time; estimates range from 3.5 to 5.0 people per household. Using these figures, an estimate of the population of Caldecote in 1086 is in the range of 42 and 60 people. There was no church mentioned at Caldecote.

The Domesday Book uses a number of units of measure for areas of land that are now unfamiliar terms, such as hides and ploughlands. In different parts of the country, these were terms for the area of land that a team of eight oxen could plough in a single season and are equivalent to 120 acres (49 hectares); this was the amount of land that was considered to be sufficient to support a single family. By 1086, the hide had become a unit of tax assessment rather than an actual land area; a hide was the amount of land that could be assessed as £1 for tax purposes. The survey records that there was nine ploughlands at Caldecote in 1086 and that there was the capacity for a further five ploughlands. There was 40 acres (16 hectares) of meadows and 15 acres (6 hectares) of woodland at Caldecote.

The tax assessment in the Domesday Book was known as geld or danegeld and was a type of land-tax based on the hide or ploughland. It was originally a way of collecting a tribute to pay off the Danes when they attacked England, and was only levied when necessary. Following the Norman Conquest, the geld was used to raise money for the King and to pay for continental wars; by 1130, the geld was being collected annually. Having determined the value of a manor's land and other assets, a tax of so many shillings and pence per pound of value would be levied on the land holder. While this was typically two shillings in the pound the amount did vary; for example, in 1084 it was as high as six shillings in the pound. For the manors at Caldecote the total tax assessed was five geld.

Caldecote is part of the civil parish of Denton and Caldecote which does not have a parish council but has an annual parish meeting. On 1 April 1935 the parish of Caldecote was abolished to form "Denton and Caldecote".

Caldecote was in the historic and administrative county of Huntingdonshire until 1965. From 1965, the village was part of the new administrative county of Huntingdon and Peterborough. Then in 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, Caldecote became a part of the county of Cambridgeshire.

The second tier of local government is Huntingdonshire District Council which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire and has its headquarters in Huntingdon. Huntingdonshire District Council has 52 councillors representing 29 district wards. Huntingdonshire District Council collects the council tax, and provides services such as building regulations, local planning, environmental health, leisure and tourism. Caldecote is a part of the district ward of Stilton and is represented on the district council by one councillor. District councillors serve for four-year terms following elections to Huntingdonshire District Council.

For Caldecote the highest tier of local government is Cambridgeshire County Council which has administration buildings in Cambridge. The county council provides county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, fire and rescue, education, social services, libraries and heritage services. Cambridgeshire County Council consists of 69 councillors representing 60 electoral divisions. Caldecote is part of the electoral division of Norman Cross and is represented on the county council by two councillors.

At Westminster Caldecote is in the parliamentary constituency of North West Cambridgeshire, and elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Caldecote is represented in the House of Commons by Shailesh Vara (Conservative). Shailesh Vara has represented the constituency since 2005. The previous member of parliament was Brian Mawhinney (Conservative) who represented the constituency between 1997 and 2005.

In the period 1801 to 1901 the population of Caldecote was recorded every ten years by the UK census. During this time the population was in the range of 23 (the lowest was in 1891) and 70 (the highest was in 1861).

From 1901, a census was taken every ten years with the exception of 1941 (due to the Second World War).

Parish	1911	1921	1931	1951	1961	1971	1981	1991	2001	2011
Caldecote	28	36	27