Canadian is a city in and the county seat of Hemphill County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,339 at the 2020 census, down from 2,649 in 2010. It is named for the nearby Canadian River, a tributary of the Arkansas River. Incorporated in 1908, Canadian is sometimes called "the oasis of the High Plains". Canadian is on the eastern side of the Texas Panhandle, close to the border with Oklahoma.

In 1887 the city government began.

A portion of the Tom Hanks movie Cast Away was filmed in Canadian.

In February 2024, most of the town was in the path of the 1,058,482 acre (428,352 ha) Smokehouse Creek Fire, which charred some of the town. No fatalities have been reported within Canadian.

Canadian is northwest of the center of Hemphill County, 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the Canadian River, where it is joined by Red Deer Creek. U.S. Routes 60 and 83 pass through the center of town as Second Street. US 60 leads northeast 162 miles (261 km) to Enid, Oklahoma, and southwest 101 miles (163 km) to Amarillo, while US 83 leads northwest 46 miles (74 km) to Perryton and south 51 miles (82 km) to Shamrock.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Canadian has a total area of 1.3 square miles (3.4 km), all land.

Nic Garcia of the Texas Tribune characterized Canadian as having "a sense of isolation."

Canadian has a cool semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) that is almost wet enough to qualify as a humid subtropical climate (Cfa).

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1910	1,648		—
1920	2,187		32.7%
1930	2,068		−5.4%
1940	2,151		4.0%
1950	2,700		25.5%
1960	2,239		−17.1%
1970	2,292		2.4%
1980	3,491		52.3%
1990	2,417		−30.8%
2000	2,233		−7.6%
2010	2,649		18.6%
2020	2,339		−11.7%
1930-2000,

Canadian racial composition
(NH = Non-Hispanic)

Race	Number	Percentage
White (NH)	1,267	54.17%
Black or African American (NH)	1	0.04%
Native American or Alaska Native (NH)	15	0.64%
Asian (NH)	6	0.26%
Some Other Race (NH)	4	0.17%
Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH)	88	3.76%
Hispanic or Latino	958	40.96%
Total	2,339

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,339 people, 908 households, and 627 families residing in the city.

As of the census of 2000, 2,233 people, 869 households, and 625 families resided in the city. The population density was 1,731.0 inhabitants per square mile (668.3/km). The 1,047 housing units averaged 811.6 per square mile (313.4/km). The racial makeup of the city was 88.94% White, 0.22% African American, 0.76% Native American, 0.13% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 9.00% from other races, and 0.90% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 18.76% of the population.

Of the 869 households, 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.9% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.0% were not families. About 26.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the city, the population was distributed as 27.5% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,929, and for a family was $38,676. Males had a median income of $30,240 versus $17,083 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,384. About 12.3% of families and 14.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.4% of those under age 18 and 16.4% of those age 65 or over.

The City of Canadian is served by the Canadian Independent School District.

The Canadian Record was a weekly newspaper that ended publication in 2023.

In 2023 Nic Garcia described the character of the residents as "tough but empathetic. Forward-looking yet conservative."

• Malouf Abraham Sr. (1915–1994), businessman and politician
• Ken King (born 1971), businessman and politician
• Dave McCurdy (born 1950), businessman and politician
• Richard A. Waterfield (1939–2007), rancher and politician
• Robert R. Young (1897–1958), businessman

• 
  Palace Theater in downtown Canadian, restored through a $1 million gift from futures trader Salem Abraham
• 
  Happy State Bank and Trust
• 
  Malouf Abraham Jr.'s Citadelle Art Foundation

• City of Canadian official website
• Canadian, TX in the Handbook of Texas
• New York Times, "New Life Where Towns and Teams Are Dying"