Caribou Mountains Wildland Park is a large wilderness area in northern Alberta, Canada. It is located in the Caribou Mountains, immediately west of Wood Buffalo National Park in a remote backcountry area. The closest communities in Alberta are Fort Vermilion and Garden River.

It was established by the Alberta Government in 2001 under the "Special Places program" by Order in Council 308/2001. At 5,900 square kilometres (2,300 sq mi), it is the largest provincial protected area in Alberta. (The nearby Wood Buffalo National Park is managed by the federal government.)

The park protects fragile wetland that offers nesting grounds for a variety of bird species and core habitat of the threatened woodland caribou herd. A small number of wood buffalo is also present in the south-eastern part of the park. The Caribou Mountains reach an elevation of 1,030 m, almost 700 m higher than the surrounding area, and have a unique environment.

The park is located in the hydrographic basin of the Great Slave Lake and that of the Peace River. Yates River, Whitesand River, Buffalo River, Wentzel River, Wentzel Lake and Margaret Lake are found in the park area.

The Caribou Mountains is home to many arctic birds that breed nowhere else in Alberta including Red-throated loon, Red-necked phalarope, Grey-cheeked thrush, American tree sparrow, and Red-breasted merganser.

• List of provincial parks in Alberta
• List of Canadian provincial parks
• List of National Parks of Canada