Carlton is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley in South Yorkshire, England. It is situated between the villages of Athersley and Royston. The village is split into two parts, one half in the Monk Bretton ward and the rest in the Royston ward of the Barnsley MBC. It was built up on coking and coal mining industries and now has one of the largest industrial estates within the surrounding area. In the industrial estate lies a glass recycling plant, called Rexam. To its east stands the Mr Kipling cake factory, owned by Premier Foods. Until 1974 it was in the West Riding of Yorkshire.

Carlton has two Church of England churches and a Methodist chapel, which is now private housing. A Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses serves both the Carlton and Athersley congregations.

An ancient sacred spring or holy well existed near to the modern-day Carlton Road and became associated with St Helen in early Christian times. The name St Helen's was used for a 20th-century secondary school near the site of the old well, which merged with the original Edward Sheerien School in 1992 (the new Edward Sheerian School merged with Royston High in 2009 to form Carlton Community College). The school is now known as Outwood Academy Carlton, after gaining academy status in 2016 following a report from OFSTED placing the school in special measures.

Carlton has its own village group, www.carltonvillage.co.uk, that is accessible to all villagers. Carlton also has a junior football team called the Bridge Tigers, which has teams ranging from u-7s to u-15s playing at Carlton park.

Carlton was formerly a township in the parish of Roystone, in 1866 Carlton became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 1938 the parish was abolished and merged with Barnsley and Royston. In 1931 the parish had a population of 2317. It is now in the unparished area of Barnsley.

• Listed buildings in Royston, South Yorkshire

Media related to Carlton, South Yorkshire at Wikimedia Commons