The Compagnie minière de Carmaux has its origins in a coal mining concession granted in 1852 to Gabriel de Solages, which became the Compagnie minière de Carmaux. He also founded a glass bottle factory, fueled by the coal. Carmaux was famous for its industries of coal mining (from the thirteenth century to 2000) and its glassworks (from the eighteenth century to 1931).

The Cérou flows northwestward through the commune and crosses the town. Carmaux station has rail connections to Toulouse, Albi and Rodez.

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1793 849 —     1800 1,040 +2.94% 1806 1,518 +6.51% 1821 1,440 −0.35% 1831 1,765 +2.06% 1836 1,881 +1.28% 1841 2,143 +2.64% 1846 2,520 +3.29% 1851 2,678 +1.22% 1856 3,743 +6.93% 1861 4,043 +1.55% 1866 4,758 +3.31% 1872 5,010 +0.86% 1876 6,160 +5.30% 1881 6,905 +2.31% 1886 8,059 +3.14% 1891 9,591 +3.54% 1896 10,068 +0.98%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1901 10,956 +1.70% 1906 10,894 −0.11% 1911 11,064 +0.31% 1921 11,273 +0.19% 1926 11,607 +0.59% 1931 11,129 −0.84% 1936 10,448 −1.25% 1946 11,136 +0.64% 1954 11,485 +0.39% 1962 14,565 +3.01% 1968 14,755 +0.22% 1975 13,208 −1.57% 1982 12,113 −1.23% 1990 10,957 −1.25% 1999 10,231 −0.76% 2007 10,268 +0.05% 2012 9,774 −0.98% 2017 9,500 −0.57%
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Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017)

• Bernard Lazare: journalist
• Jean Jaurès: politician
• Jack Cantoni: France Rugby Union International 1970–4
• Thomas Portes, politician

• Communes of the Tarn department

• (in French) Carmaux official website

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