Chanarcillo
The Chanarcillo District produced at least $100 million in silver before abandonment. This production from up to 20 mines was limited to a third of a square mile. From 1860 until 1885, 2,500,000 kg of silver was produced. Most production occurred before 1930 and since then until 1960, only minor amounts of silver were produced by removing pillars in mines or from the dump material.
In 1870, 1,570 miners worked in the Chañarcillo mines; however the mines were exhausted by 1874 and mining largely ended in 1888 after the mines were accidentally flooded. Despite this, Chañarcillo was the most productive mining district in 19th century Chile.
Geology
Chanarcillo is on the south flank of a dome, the Sierra de Chanarcillo, characterized by radial fractures and northwest striking faults. Silver ore occurs in nearly vertical veins within these fractures and faults within interbedded limestones and tuffs. This ore zone is an oxidized and supergene sulfide enriched rock. Oxidized ores occur above the water table and supergene sulfide enrichment below.
In the oxidized zone, ore minerals include native silver and argentite have been replaced by cerargyrite, iodobromite, bromyrite, embolite, and iodyrite. In the supergene sulfide enriched zone, ore minerals include pearceite, proustite, tetrahedrite, polybasite, and pyrargyrite.
Groups of large crystals have been found at Chañarcillo, including proustite, stephanite, chlorargyrite and adamite.