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  • 21 Aug, 2019

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Cherdyn, Perm Krai
Cherdyn (Russian: Че́рдынь; Komi: Чердін) is a town and the administrative center of Cherdynsky District in Perm Krai, Russia, located on the Kolva River. Population: 4,920 (2010 Census); 5,756 (2002 Census); 6,535 (1989 Soviet census).

History

Historical center of Cherdyn and Kolva river

Local authorities advertise Cherdyn to tourists as the capital of the ancient Principality of Great Perm. This information is based on an 1835 study by the Swedish historian A.M. Strinnholm as well as the 1815 study by the Russian historian Nikolay Karamzin. Strinnholm mentioned that the last trip of Scandinavian Vikings to Bjarmia (aka the Great Perm) happened in 1222. Four well-equipped ships of Haakon IV of Norway burned Bjarmian towns to the ground.

After that, the fur trade between the Great Perm and Western Europe was possible only via the Novgorod Republic, which became the suzerain of all Northern Russia. After the centralization of Russian principalities by the Grand Dukes of Moscow, the princes of Perm, who already had Russian names, became their vassals as well as answering to Novgorod. Great Perm–Cherdyn supplied a great deal of silver paid as tribute of Moscow, which in turn paid the Golden Horde. Tension between Moscow and Novgorod led to a war of 1471, after which the defeated Novgorod Republic was annexed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow. The next year (1472) Cherdyn, Pokcha, and all other towns of Great Perm also became the prizes of conquest. The main fort of the Muscovites was built in Pokcha, located 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) to the north of Cherdyn. It was burned by indigenous tribes in the beginning of the 16th century.

Cherdyn, as well as all of Perm, was still governed by the dynasty of local Great Perm princes until 1505. After that, the Grand Duke sent a governor from Moscow, and he chose Cherdyn as his residence. In 1535, Cherdyn was granted town rights. It was the starting point of an early river route to Siberia. Following the establishment of the Babinov Road—a more traveled overland route—the town quickly lost its significance.

View of Cherdyn in 1912

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Cherdyn serves as the administrative center of Cherdynsky District, to which it is directly subordinated. As a municipal division, the town of Cherdyn is incorporated within Cherdynsky Municipal District as Cherdynskoye Urban Settlement.

Geography

Climate

Cherdyn has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc), with very cold winters and warm summers. Precipitation is moderate and is somewhat higher in summer and fall than at other times of the year.

Climate data for Cherdyn
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Daily mean °C (°F) −17.3
(0.9) 		−14.2
(6.4) 		−6.4
(20.5) 		1.0
(33.8) 		8.0
(46.4) 		14.3
(57.7) 		17.4
(63.3) 		13.7
(56.7) 		7.7
(45.9) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		−7.4
(18.7) 		−13.3
(8.1) 		0.3
(32.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 49.7
(1.96) 		33.8
(1.33) 		35.8
(1.41) 		44.7
(1.76) 		52.8
(2.08) 		66.5
(2.62) 		86.2
(3.39) 		72.9
(2.87) 		69.3
(2.73) 		72.5
(2.85) 		73.0
(2.87) 		59.3
(2.33) 		716.5
(28.2)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0mm) 14.3 9.5 9.1 9.6 9.2 9.8 11.0 11.0 12.1 14.5 15.3 15.3 140.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours 38 74 144 195 271 294 289 225 120 51 36 14 1,751
Source: NOAA (1961-1990)

Notable people

In 1934, during the times of Stalin, Cherdyn was the place to which poet Osip Mandelstam was sentenced to internal exile with his wife Nadezhda.

References

Notes

  1. ^ Law #416-67
  2. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  3. ^ Law #1735-355
  4. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  5. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  6. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  7. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  8. ^ "Article on Great Perm" Archived September 29, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ "Article on Cherdyn"
  10. ^ A. M. Strinnholm. Svenska folkets historia fran aldesta till narvarande tider, 1835.
  11. ^ N. M. Karamzin, History of the Russian State, 1815.
  12. ^ "Climate Normals for Cerdyn'". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 19, 2013.

Sources

  • Законодательное собрание Пермской области. Закон №416-67 от 28 февраля 1996 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Пермского края», в ред. Закона №504-ПК от 9 июля 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Пермской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Пермского края"». Вступил в силу с момента опубликования. Опубликован: "Звезда", №38, 12 марта 1996 г. (Legislative Assembly of Perm Oblast. Law #416-67 of February 28, 1996 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Perm Krai, as amended by the Law #504-PK of July 9, 2015 On Amending the Law of Perm Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Perm Krai". Effective as of the moment of publication.).
  • Законодательное собрание Пермской области. Закон №1735-355 от 10 ноября 2004 г. «Об утверждении границ и о наделении статусом муниципальных образований Чердынского района Пермского края», в ред. Закона №175-ПК от 7 марта 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные Законы Пермской области, Коми-Пермяцкого автономного округа об утверждении границ и о наделении статусом муниципальных образований Пермского края». Вступил в силу через десять дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Бюллетень Законодательного Собрания и администрации Пермской области", №12, I часть, 9 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Perm Oblast. Law #1735-355 of November 10, 2004 On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Status to the Municipal Formations of Cherdynsky District of Perm Krai, as amended by the Law #175-PK of March 7, 2013 On Amending Various Laws of Perm Oblast, Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug on Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Status to the Municipal Formations of Perm Krai. Effective as of the day which is ten days following the day of the official publication.).

Further reading

  • Brumfield, William. Cherdyn: Architectural Heritage in Photographs, (Moscow: Tri Kvadrata, 2007) ISBN 978-5-94607-074-4 (in English and in Russian)
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