Colonia Juárez, Chihuahua
Established in 1886, the colony was named for the Mexican national hero Benito Juárez. The colony was one of many colonies in Mexico settled by Mormon pioneers, or members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). This colonization was part of the church's larger campaign to establish the State of Deseret while evading the anti-polygamy Edmunds Act of 1882. Although the town was planned before the end of polygamy, much of its growth in the late 19th century was due to Mormon immigrants leaving Utah and other parts of the U.S. due to their practice of polygamy. In addition, Mormon colonies outside of the U.S. proved financially important to the LDS Church during this time when the U.S. Federal government had confiscated much of the church's holdings. There are many descendants of these colonies that have attained prominence in both countries, including Mitt Romney. In addition, many church leaders have roots in these colonies.
By the beginning of the 20th century, Chihuahua and other Mexican states were home to hundreds of thousands of Mormons and were almost a majority of the state of Sonora. The Mexican Revolution resulted in the exodus of many colonists from the region; some left permanently while others returned after a few years. Many families of all backgrounds sent women and children to the United States or Europe during the Revolution; others left completely. One of the last battles of the final phase of the Revolution was fought just outside Casas Grandes; several colonists participated in rescuing the wounded and caring for them at the old hacienda known in the histories as "El Refugio," earning the gratitude of the Revolutionary Government.
Many of the colonies survived for several generations after the Revolution. The mountain colonies, such as Pacheco, García, and Chuichupa, slowly lost the colonist population due mainly to economic pressures, so that by the 1960s most Mormon colonists lived either in Colonia Juárez or Colonia Dublán, where to this day a sizable part of the population descend from the original colonists.
Colonia Juárez is known for its peach and apple orchards as well as cattle ranches. It is also known for the many graduates from its renowned academy. Residents typically work as farmers, ranchers or in the local schools.
Colonia Juárez is the home of the Academia Juárez (Juarez Stake Academy), a private high school owned by the LDS Church.
Colonia Juárez is home to one of the LDS Church's temples. It was dedicated on March 6, 1999, by church president Gordon B. Hinckley. The Colonia Juárez Chihuahua Mexico Temple was one of the first of the smaller, standardized temples the LDS Church began constructing in the late 1990s, and is currently the smallest temple it operates.
Notable people from the colony
- Joseph T. Bentley
- Carl F. Eyring
- Greer Skousen
- Henry Eyring (chemist)
- Henry Eyring (Mormon pioneer)
- Franklin S. Harris
- John Hatch (basketball, born 1947)
- Jorge A. Rojas
- Marion G. Romney
- William R. R. Stowell
- O. Meredith Wilson
References
- ^ "Casas Grandes". Catálogo de Localidades. Secretaría de Desarrollo Social (SEDESOL). Retrieved 23 April 2014.
- ^ Sudweeks, Leslie L. "The Miracle of the Piedras Verdes: The Story of the Founding of Colonia Juarez". Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- ^ Miroff, Nick (23 July 2011), "In besieged Mormon colony, Mitt Romney's Mexican roots", The Washington Post
- Terry, Gibert Cunningham (June 1910). "A Little Utah In Mexico: The Transformation Of A Desert Region In Chihuahua Into A Rich Farming Country By Mormon Colonists". The World's Work: A History of Our Time. XX: 13071–13076. Retrieved 2009-07-10.