Dock Square (Boston)
History
17th-19th centuries
For much of its long history, Dock Square has been a center of commerce in Boston. In the 17th and 18th centuries vendors would sell their wares (butter, fish, etc.) in the open, or from stalls. In 1733 a public market building opened, to some controversy (opponents disliked regulation). A few years later, anti-market sentiment had reached a boiling point: "in 1737 a mob disguised as clergymen turned out one wintry night ... and completely demolished the market house in Dock Square." In 1742 Faneuil Hall opened, again with mixed support. "Town records abound with complaints that Dock Square and other areas near Faneuil Hall were cluttered with carts and market paraphernalia, the market people apparently preferring standing outside the market to paying for a stall inside it and submitting to its other regulations." By 1764, it was illegal for vendors to place "'any horse, cart, carriage, stall, stand, bench, block, provisions or incumbrance in or upon ... Dock Square'" and "townspeople were urged not to buy from persons selling in Dock Square or nearby streets."
Buying and selling of slaves also took place in Dock Square (and elsewhere in town), for instance by "Capt. Thomas Smith, Dock Square, slave boy at 14" in 1717; and in the Sun Tavern in 1727: "On Thursday ... will be sold by publick vendue at the Sun Tavern on Dock Square at five a clock p.m. Four likely negros, and sundry sort of merchandize, all to be seen at the place of sale from two of the clock till the sale begins."
One typical 1723 newspaper advertisement declares of a store in Dock Square: "Just arrived from London and to be sold by Mr. John Williams at his ware-house, next door to the Golden-Ball, on Dock Square, Boston, choice Bohea tea, at twenty shilling per pound, and very good Cheshire cheese; as also sundry other sorts of European goods." In 1789, tenants in the square included innholder Mrs. Baker (at the "sign of the Punch-bowl"); dry-goods dealer John Brazer; grocer William Saxton. In 1805: E. Bonnemort's snuff shop; ship chandler Samuel Browning; innkeeper Elijah Dagget; druggist Eliakim Morse; hardware dealers John Odin and William Whitwell; Aaron Richardson's feather-store; auctioneer Benjamin Tucker; cardmakers William Whittemore & Co. In the early 19th century, Samuel Eliot, (father of future mayor Samuel Eliot) ran "what might today be called a department store in Dock Square. He dealt in everything from diapers to tombstones."
20th-21st centuries
In the middle of the 20th century the square and environs became increasingly surrounded by automotive traffic and tall buildings. Interstate 93 was constructed nearby. In the 1960s some of the smaller streets and pedestrian passageways were demolished — including Brattle Street and Cornhill, abutting Dock Square — to make way for the construction of the large-scale, brutalist Boston City Hall and similar structures in the Government Center complex.
Image gallery
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Detail of map of Boston showing Bendell's Cove in 1635 (which later became Town Dock and Dock Square, c. 1708)
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Savage house, 30 Dock Sq., built early 18th century, demolished 1926
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Dock Sq. and Town Dock, 1738
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Advertisement for William Whitwell's hardware shop, c. 1803
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Dock Sq. and Washington St., c. 1860s
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Advertisement for Lovell's gun shop, 1861
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View of Dock Sq., Faneuil Hall (at right), 19th century
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Dock Square, including Sun Tavern, c. 1898
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Dock Square, 1920
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Dock Square and Congress St., 2010, with view of Anne Whitney's statue of Samuel Adams
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Dock Square in 1957
See also
- Faneuil Hall, built 1742
- Old Feather Store (1680–1860)
- Anne Whitney, sculptor of Sam Adams statue (1880) in Dock Sq.
References
- ^ City of Boston. Street book
- ^ Walter Kendall Watkins. The great street to Roxbury Gate, 1630-1830. Bostonian Society Publications, 1919.
- ^ Boston Street Laying-Out Dept. A record of the streets, alleys, places, etc. in the city of Boston. Boston: City Printing Dept., 1910.
- ^ Robert Campbell and Peter Vanderwarker. Dock Square. Boston Globe, Oct 5, 1997. pg. 18.
- ^ G. B. Warden. The Caucus and Democracy in Colonial Boston. New England Quarterly, Vol. 43, No. 1 (Mar., 1970); p.31.
- ^ Karen J. Friedmann. Victualling Colonial Boston. Agricultural History, Vol. 47, No. 3 (Jul., 1973); p.203-204.
- ^ Boston News-Letter, Dec. 23, 1717; quoted in: Nian-Sheng Huang. Franklin's Father Josiah: Life of a Colonial Boston Tallow Chandler, 1657-1745. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series, Vol. 90, No. 3 (2000); p.61.
- ^ Boston Gazette, Nov. 20-27, 1727; quoted in: Robert E. Desrochers, Jr. Slave-for-Sale Advertisements and Slavery in Massachusetts, 1704-1781. William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, Vol. 59, No. 3, Slaveries in the Atlantic World (Jul., 2002); p.627.
- ^ Boston News-Letter, May 23–30, 1723.
- ^ Boston Directory. 1789, 1805.
- ^ Samuel A. Eliot. Being Mayor of Boston a Hundred Years Ago. Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Third Series, Vol. 66 (Oct., 1936 -May, 1941), pp. 154-173.
- ^ Whitehill and Kennedy. Boston: A Topographical History, 3rd ed. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press, 2000.
- ^ A record of the streets, alleys, places, etc. in the city of Boston. 1910
Morgan, Edmund S., The Puritan Dilemma The STory of John Winthrop, Harper Collins, 1958.
Further reading
- Thomas Tileston Waterman, "The Savage House, Dock Square, Boston, Mass.," Old Time New England 17, no. 3 (January 1927).
External links
- Bostonian Society has materials related to the square.
- Boston Public Library. A draught of Boston Harbor by Capt. Cyprian Southake. 1694 map, showing "Dock."
- City of Boston Archives. Dock Square and Faneuil Hall, c. 1960s
- Google News Archive. Articles related to Dock Sq., Boston