Earlville is a village in New York state bisected by two counties: Madison County and Chenango County, United States. The population was 774 as per the 2020 Decennial census, a decrease from the 872 reported in the 2010 census. The village is named after Jonas Earl, a canal commissioner.

The village of Earlville is at the intersection of four towns: Sherburne, Hamilton, Lebanon, and Smyrna. The east–west thoroughfare, East and West Main streets, runs along the county line. The Madison County part of Earlville is part of the Syracuse Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Thomas Taylor is the Mayor of Earlville.

The area was first settled around 1792 and was originally called "Forks" or "Madison Forks" until the current name was adopted around 1835, after development of the Chenango Canal. It was named for the builder of the Chenango Canal. After canal transportation waned, railroad service helped community commerce.

Earlville became an incorporated village in 1887. The Earlville Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The Earlville Opera House was listed in 1973 and houses a theater, two art galleries, an arts cafe, and an artisan gift shop.

Earlville is located at 42°44′28″N 75°32′38″W / 42.74111°N 75.54389°W / 42.74111; -75.54389 (42.741079, -75.543827), positioned between the Chenango River to the west and the Sangerfield River, a tributary of the Chenango River, to the east. The Chenango River is a southward-flowing tributary of the Susquehanna River.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.1 square miles (2.8 km), all land.

New York State Route 12B, a north–south highway, passes through the center of the village as North and South Main streets. East and West Main streets cross NY 12B, dividing the village between the two counties (Madison and Chenango).

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1870	399		—
1880	293		−26.6%
1890	536		82.9%
1900	711		32.6%
1910	874		22.9%
1920	792		−9.4%
1930	868		9.6%
1940	864		−0.5%
1950	945		9.4%
1960	1,004		6.2%
1970	1,050		4.6%
1980	985		−6.2%
1990	883		−10.4%
2000	791		−10.4%
2010	872		10.2%
2020	774		−11.2%
U.S. Decennial Census

As of the census of 2000, there were 791 people, 298 households, and 219 families residing in the village. The population density was 729.4 inhabitants per square mile (281.6/km). There were 329 housing units at an average density of 303.4 per square mile (117.1/km). The racial makeup of the village was 98.99% White, 0.25% Asian, and 0.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.76% of the population.

There were 298 households, out of which 36.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.4% were married couples living together, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% were non-families. 20.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 27.2% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.0 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $32,500, and the median income for a family was $33,654. Males had a median income of $27,381 versus $24,038 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,383. About 9.0% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.6% of those under age 18 and 10.7% of those age 65 or over.

Earlville is known for its lovely historical Victorian homes and Second Empire mansard roofs. Homes often have traditionally vibrant colors popular for "painted ladies" of the era.

• Village of Earlville official website
• Earlville.net, community website
• Quincy Square Museum
• Earlville Free Library's Cemetery Records on New York Heritage Digital Collections
• Earlville Opera House