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  • 21 Aug, 2019

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Eisenhüttenstadt
Eisenhüttenstadt (German: [aɪzn̩ˈhʏtn̩ʃtat] ; lit. 'ironworks city'; Lower Sorbian: Pśibrjog) is a town in the Oder-Spree district of the state of Brandenburg, in eastern Germany, on the border with Poland. East Germany founded the city in 1950. It was known as Stalinstadt (Stalinměsto) between 1953 and 1961.

Geography

The municipal area is situated on a sandy terrace in the Berlin-Warsaw glacial valley (Urstromtal). It is bounded by the Oder river and Germany–Poland border to the east. Eisenhüttenstadt is the eastern terminus of the Oder–Spree Canal. The town centre is located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of Frankfurt (Oder) and 110 km (68 mi) southeast of Berlin. Eisenhüttenstadt is served by the Berlin–Wrocław railway line.

The town comprises the districts of Diehlo, Fürstenberg (Oder), and Schönfließ.

History

See also: EKO Stahl
Fürstenberg in 1952

The town was built near the historic village of Fürstenberg (Oder) which was founded in 1251. In 1319, Fürstenberg (Polish: Przybrzeg) became part of the Duchy of Jawor within fragmented Piast-ruled Poland. Later on, it passed to the Kingdom of Bohemia, and Charles IV bought the town from the Cistercians of Neuzelle and allowed the construction of a bridge over the Oder to create a new trade route to Poland. In 1469 it passed to King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, and in 1490 it returned to Bohemia. After the Peace of Prague in 1635, Fürstenberg became part of the Electorate of Saxony. In 1815 it was transferred to Prussia, and in 1871 it became part of the German Empire. In 1925, a port on the Oder was created.

During World War II, the Germans operated the Stalag III-B prisoner-of-war camp for Polish, French, Belgian, Serbian, Soviet, American, Dutch, Italian and British POWs in Fürstenberg with several forced labour subcamps in the town and region, a forced labour camp for Jewish men, and a subcamp of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.

The present-day town was founded as a socialist model city in 1950 following a decision by the East German Socialist Unity Party (SED), alongside a new steel mill combine located west of the historic town of Fürstenberg (Oder). A few years before the new town was established, a bridge over the Oder river had been constructed, the earlier one having been destroyed by retreating Wehrmacht forces in February 1945, near the end of World War II.

The population grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s. It was renamed Stalinstadt following the death of Joseph Stalin. In 1961, during de-Stalinization, the town was renamed Eisenhüttenstadt. After German reunification in 1990, the state-owned steel works were privatized, and most of its 12,000 employees lost their jobs. Thereafter the factory employed around 2,500 workers. The town experienced a steep decline in population, from just over 50,000 to under 30,000. Consequently, many apartment blocks have now been demolished, although some in the inner city dating from the 1950s have been renovated and restored.

Demography

  • Development of Population since 1875 within the Current Boundaries (Blue Line: Population; Dotted Line: Comparison to Population Development of Brandenburg state; Grey Background: Time of Nazi rule; Red Background: Time of Communist rule)
    Development of Population since 1875 within the Current Boundaries (Blue Line: Population; Dotted Line: Comparison to Population Development of Brandenburg state; Grey Background: Time of Nazi rule; Red Background: Time of Communist rule)
  • Recent Population Development and Projections (Population Development before Census 2011 (blue line); Recent Population Development according to the Census in Germany in 2011 (blue bordered line); Official projections for 2005-2030 (yellow line); for 2017-2030 (scarlet line); for 2020-2030 (green line)
    Recent Population Development and Projections (Population Development before Census 2011 (blue line); Recent Population Development according to the Census in Germany in 2011 (blue bordered line); Official projections for 2005-2030 (yellow line); for 2017-2030 (scarlet line); for 2020-2030 (green line)
Eisenhüttenstadt: Population development
within the current boundaries (2020)
YearPop.±% p.a.
1875 3,850—    
1890 5,253+2.09%
1910 7,971+2.11%
1925 8,997+0.81%
1939 8,736−0.21%
1950 10,579+1.76%
1964 36,937+9.34%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1971 45,762+3.11%
1981 48,131+0.51%
1985 49,086+0.49%
1990 51,151+0.83%
1995 47,376−1.52%
2000 41,493−2.62%
2005 34,818−3.45%
YearPop.±% p.a.
2010 31,132−2.21%
2015 30,416−0.46%
2016 26,325−13.45%
2017 25,057−4.82%
2018 24,633−1.69%
2019 23,878−3.06%
2020 23,373−2.11%
1953 celebration: Walter Ulbricht with Soviet ambassador Ivan Ilyichev
View over Eisenhüttenstadt in 2012

Architecture

The first design for the new residential quarter was developed by the modernist and Bauhaus architect, Franz Ehrlich, in August 1950. His modernist plan, which laid out a dispersed town landscape along functional lines, was rejected by the Ministry for Reconstruction. The same happened to the plan presented by the architects Kurt Junghanns and Otto Geiler. The plan that was ultimately realized was developed by Kurt Walter Leucht.

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Eisenhüttenstadt is twinned with:

Notable people

Eisenhüttenstadt is the birthplace of:

Other personalities associated with the city

Rudolf Bahro, Berlin 1989, SED Party convention
  • Bernhard Lösener (1890–1952), jurist
  • Rudolf Bahro (1935–1997), regime critic and author of the book The alternative. A critique of real-existing socialism., spent his school days in the city
  • Tamara Bunke (1937–1967), fellow combatant of Che Guevara in Bolivia, took her Abitur (school leaving examination) in Eisenhüttenstadt
  • Rolf Henrich (born 1944), lawyer, first signatory of the Founding Congress of the New Forum

References

  1. ^ Landkreis Oder-Spree Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters, accessed 2 July 2021.
  2. ^ "Bevölkerungsentwicklung und Bevölkerungsstandim Land Brandenburg Dezember 2022" (PDF). Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg (in German). June 2023.
  3. ^ "Stadt Eisenhüttenstadt". Land Brandenburg (in German). Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  4. ^ Wojskowy Instytut Geograficzny Sztabu Generalnego W.P. (1947). "Legnica" (Map). Mapa Polski. 1:500,000 (in Polish).
  5. ^ Pieradzka, Krystyna (1949). "Związki handlowe Łużyc ze Śląskiem w dawnych wiekach". Sobótka (in Polish). IV (4). Wrocław: 91.
  6. ^ Paulitz, Johann Gottlob. Chronik der Stadt Senftenberg und der zum ehemaligen Amte Senftenberg gehörigen Ortschaften (in German). Dresden. p. 67.
  7. ^ Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 405–406. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
  8. ^ "Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Fürstenberg". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  9. ^ "Anlage zu § 1. Verzeichnis der Konzentrationslager und ihrer Außenkommandos gemäß § 42 Abs. 2 BEG" (in German). Archived from the original on 23 April 2009. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  10. ^ "Eisenhüttenstadt". Eisenhuettenstadt (in German).
  11. ^ Emily Young (28 April 2014). "Germany: The rise and fall of a model socialist city". BBC News. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  12. ^ "Eisenhuttenstadt". DW.
  13. ^ Detailed data sources are to be found in the Wikimedia Commons.Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons
  14. ^ "BernhFalter.pmd" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 June 2007. Retrieved 4 June 2007.
  15. ^ "Architektur & Denkmalschutz". Eisenhuettenstadt (in German). Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
  16. ^ "Unsere Partnerstädte". eisenhuettenstadt.de (in German). Eisenhüttenstadt. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  17. ^ "Saarlouis – deutsch-deutsche Partner und Freunde seit über 30 Jahren". eisenhuettenstadt.de (in German). Eisenhüttenstadt. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
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