The Embassy of the Republic of China (Taiwan) to the Holy See (Chinese: 中華民國駐教廷大使館) is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of China (also known as Taiwan) accredited to the Holy See, one of its few de jure embassies in the world, and the only one remaining in Europe. It also has responsibility for relations with the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

Its counterpart in the Republic of China is the Apostolic Nunciature to China in Taipei.

It is separate from the Taipei Representative Office in Italy in Rome, which functions as a de facto embassy in Italy.

Following the British Empire's defeat of China in the First Opium War (1839-1841), foreign powers required China to permit foreign missionaries. The unequal treaties gave European powers jurisdiction over missions and some authority over Chinese Christians. France sought to frame itself as the protector of Catholics in China, which in turn led to a sustained diplomatic dispute with the Holy See about who had authority over Chinese Catholics.

In 1917, the ROC and the Holy See agreed in principle to establish a diplomatic relationship. France, which had framed itself as the protector of Catholics in China since the unequal treaties and had a long-standing dispute with the Holy See as a result, blocked these diplomatic efforts. As a result, Vatican interests in China were represented by an Apostolic Delegate (which does not have formal diplomatic status) until the 1940s.

The Republic of China established relations with the Holy See in July 1942. After Xie Shoukang arrived in Rome on 26 January 1943, the legation was based in the Vatican City. After the Second World War, the legation was moved to Rome.

In 1951, the People's Republic of China expelled the Apostolic Internuncio. In 1953, the Apostolic Internuncio moved to Taipei.

In June 1959, the Republic of China Legation was upgraded to an Embassy, and the Minister Plenipotentiary became Ambassador. In August, ROC ambassador John Ching Hsiung Wu resigned as the ROC Ambassador to the Holy See. By that time, the ROC Foreign Ministry had already re-located to Taipei due to Nationalist losses in the Chinese Civil War. Wu requested that the ROC delay naming his replacement because of what he described as the delicate situation.

When the United Nations removed the ROC and recognized the PRC as China, the Holy See downgraded its diplomatic status with the ROC. As the ROC has continued to lose diplomatic recognition over time since then, its embassy to the Holy See has increased in political significance from the ROC's perspective. It is the ROC's only embassy in Europe.

In March 2005, the embassy was moved to Via della Conciliazione 4/D.

Name	Appointed	Terminated	Note
HSIEH Shou-Kang	January 1943	September 1946
Wu Ching-hsiung	September 1946	July 1949
CHU Ying	July 1949	October 1954	as an agency
HSIEH Shou-Kang	October 1954	June 1959	then became an ambassador

Name	Appointed	Terminated	note
HSIEH Shou-Kang	June 1959	September 1966
Shen Chang-huan	September 1966	March 1969
Chen Chih-Mai	March 1969	January 1978
CHOW Shu-Kai	January 1978	August 1991
HOANG Sieou-Je	August 1991	May 1993
Edward Tzu-Yu WU	May 1993	August 1996
Raymond R.M. TAI	September 1996	January 2004
Chou-seng TOU	January 2004	15 September 2008
Larry Wang	September 2008	December 2015
Matthew S.M. LEE	December 2015	current

• Holy See–Taiwan relations
• List of diplomatic missions of the Republic of China