Enurmino
History
Pre-Soviet Period
The name of the village comes from the Chukchi I'nnurmin, meaning "a place behind the hills", as the village is located in a valley surrounded by hills. Nearby discoveries have revealed the site of an older village where the ancestors of those who live in Enurmino used to live, with the site of the village itself sitting on top of an ancient Chukchi settlement. Nearby the village is the abandoned settlement of Chegitun (Russian: Чегитун), occupied from about 500 AD to the twentieth century, until the village was closed and the population transferred to Inchoun.
Soviet Period
In 1926, the village had a population of 103, which grew to 275 by 1943, consisting of 259 Chukchi, 1 Yupik and 15 visitors. During the Soviet period, the people of Enurmino, in collaboration with the people of Neshkan further down the northern Chukotka coast, formed the Sovkhoz 50th Anniversary of the Great October (Russian: 50-летия Великого Октября). In addition to the Sovkhoz, there was also a polar station in the village called Netten, (Russian: Нэттэн). The staff at this polar station used to play chess games over the radio with scientists at polar stations in the Antarctic.
Demographics
In 1926-27, Enurmino consisted of 19 households containing 103 Chukchi. This had risen to 275 people by 1943, including 259 Chukchi, 15 Yupik and one person classified as a "visitor" upon whose nationality the source does not elaborate, though these figures are combined totals for both Enurmino and the, now abandoned, nearby village of Pouten. The population had increased further to 290 by 1989, of whom 260 were Chukchi and the remaining 30 classified again as "visitors" and again, as of March 2003, to 297, of which 296 were indigenous peoples. The reported population as at the start of 2009 showed yet another increase to 311 people, but had fallen back to 301 (2010 Census); for last official census, of whom 139 were male and 162 female.
Culture
In 2008, a documentary was made on the lives of the inhabitants of Enurmino by Anadyr-born director, Alexey Vakhrushev, entitled Welcome to Enurmino!, which shows the villagers trying to preserve their traditional ways of life while making the most of the limited modern amenities available to them.
Economy
The main activities of the villagers are Marine mammal harvest, hunting and fishing and 7-8% of the population are actively involved in hunting.
The village has a food store, an elementary school, a daycare center and a post-office.
Transport
Enurmino is not connected to any other part of the world by permanent road and is 200 miles away from the district centre Lavrentiya. The only ways to travel the village are by sea, helicopter or winter road. There is, however, a very small network of roads within the village including:
- Улица Советская (Ulitsa Sovetskaya, lit. Soviet Street)
- Улица Южная (Ulitsa Yuzhnaya, lit. South Street)
Climate
Enurmino has a Tundra climate (ET) because the warmest month has an average temperature between 0 °C (32 °F) and 10 °C (50 °F).
| Climate data for Enurmino, 1955-1991 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) |
3.9 (39.0) |
4.5 (40.1) |
3.0 (37.4) |
10.0 (50.0) |
30.0 (86.0) |
27.2 (81.0) |
23.0 (73.4) |
16.0 (60.8) |
14.8 (58.6) |
8.6 (47.5) |
3.7 (38.7) |
30.0 (86.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −18.0 (−0.4) |
−21.6 (−6.9) |
−20.1 (−4.2) |
−13.6 (7.5) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
6.5 (43.7) |
10.8 (51.4) |
9.2 (48.6) |
4.3 (39.7) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−10.0 (14.0) |
−17.1 (1.2) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −20.9 (−5.6) |
−24.2 (−11.6) |
−23 (−9) |
−16.6 (2.1) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
3.6 (38.5) |
7.3 (45.1) |
6.5 (43.7) |
2.6 (36.7) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−12.4 (9.7) |
−19.6 (−3.3) |
−10.2 (13.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −23.5 (−10.3) |
−26.5 (−15.7) |
−25.5 (−13.9) |
−19.5 (−3.1) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
1.1 (34.0) |
4.4 (39.9) |
4.5 (40.1) |
1.2 (34.2) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
−22.0 (−7.6) |
−12.5 (9.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −43.8 (−46.8) |
−42.2 (−44.0) |
−42.2 (−44.0) |
−34.0 (−29.2) |
−25.0 (−13.0) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−26.0 (−14.8) |
−30.8 (−23.4) |
−37.8 (−36.0) |
−43.8 (−46.8) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 25.2 (0.99) |
6.7 (0.26) |
8.5 (0.33) |
6.3 (0.25) |
13.1 (0.52) |
9.4 (0.37) |
6.8 (0.27) |
11.7 (0.46) |
8.8 (0.35) |
12.6 (0.50) |
9.2 (0.36) |
9.9 (0.39) |
128.2 (5.05) |
| Average snowy days | 15 | 10 | 10 | 14 | 14 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 18 | 20 | 13 | 125 |
| Source: | |||||||||||||
See also
References
Notes
- ^ Law #33-OZ, Article 13.2 (in Russian)
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ The results of the 2010 Census are given for Enurmino Rural Settlement, a municipal formation of Chukotsky Municipal District. According to Law #148-OZ, Enurmino is the only inhabited locality on the territory of Enurmino Rural Settlement.
- ^ Office of the Federal State Statistics Service for Khabarovsk Krai, Magadan Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Численность населения Чукотского автономного округа по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года Archived 2019-08-31 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- ^ Law #47-OZ, Article 6 (in Russian)
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation Archived 2012-02-08 at the Wayback Machine Chukotsky District (in Russian)
- ^ V.V. Leontev and K.A. Novikova, Топонимический словарь северо-востока СССР (Toponymic Dictionary of the Northeastern USSR) (1989) Magadan. p.329
- ^ Information on Enurmino Archived 2014-10-19 at the Wayback Machine, Electoral Commission of the Chukotka Autonomous District (Избирательная комиссия Чукотского автономного округа). Retrieved 12 April 2012. (in Russian)
- ^ Strogoff, p.120
- ^ Red Cross of Chukotka. Chukotsky District (Archived)
- ^ Enurmino Area, Beringia Nature Park Website
- ^ Beringian Notes 2.2, Bogoslovaskaya, L., National Park Service, Alaska Region (1993), pp. 1-12
- ^ Муниципальное образование сельское поселение Энурмино Archived 2012-09-14 at the Wayback Machine Municipal Formation of the Rural Settlement of Enurmino - Official Website of Chukotsky District
- ^ The Santa Fe Film Festival 2008. Welcome to Enurmino! Archived 2012-04-21 at the Wayback Machine (with stills).
- ^ Pochtovik Mail Delivery Service Chukotsky District (in Russian)
- ^ McKnightand Hess, pp.235-7
- ^ "climatebase.ru". Retrieved October 2, 2012.
Sources
- McKnight, Tom L; Hess, Darrel (2000). "Climate Zones and Types". Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-020263-0.
- Дума Чукотского автономного округа. Закон №33-ОЗ от 30 июня 1998 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Чукотского автономного округа», в ред. Закона №55-ОЗ от 9 июня 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Чукотского автономного округа "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Чукотского автономного округа"». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня его официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости", №7 (28), 14 мая 1999 г. (Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Law #33-OZ of June 30, 1998 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Law #55-OZ of June 9, 2012 On Amending the Law of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug". Effective as of after ten days from the day of the official publication.). (in Russian)
- Дума Чукотского автономного округа. Закон №47-ОЗ от 29 ноября 2004 г. «О статусе, границах и административных центрах муниципальных образований на территории Чукотского района Чукотского автономного округа». Вступил в силу через десять дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости", №31/1 (178/1), 10 декабря 2004 г. (Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Law #47-OZ of November 29, 2004 On the Status, Borders, and Administrative Centers of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Chukotsky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication date.). (in Russian)
- Strogoff, M, Brochet, P-C and Auzias, D. Petit Futé: Chukotka, "Avant-Garde" Publishing House, 2006.