Erath County (/ˈiːræθ/) is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. According to the United States Census bureau its population was 42,545 in 2020. The county seat is Stephenville. The county is named for George Bernard Erath, an early surveyor and a soldier at the Battle of San Jacinto.

Erath County is included in the Stephenville, Texas, Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Erath County is the location of two of North America's largest renewable natural gas plants. The largest is at Huckabay Ridge, near Stephenville. The second largest is located outside Dublin at Rio Leche Estates.

Caddo tribe Anadarko villages were scattered along the Trinity and Brazos Rivers. French explorer Jean-Baptiste Bénard de la Harpe developed camaraderie among the Anadarko in 1719 when he established Fort Saint Louis de los Cadodaquious. The Anadarko became entangled with the French battles with the Spanish and later the Anglos and suffered the consequences, including diseases from which they had no immunity. By 1860, these tribes moved to Oklahoma. Erath County falls into Comancheria and found itself raided by Comanches until their removal to Oklahoma after 1875.

Erath County was formed from Bosque and Coryell counties in 1856 and named for George Bernard Erath, one of the original surveyors of the area. In 1856, John M. Stephen offered to donate land for a townsite. It was named Stephenville after him and became the county seat.

Jones Barbee founded the community of Dublin in 1854. His children were the first citizens to be buried in Erath County in the community of Edna Hill, which is located in Southern Erath. Barbee Cemetery is named after him. Jones traveled with his wife and children across the country coming from North Carolina. He is the grandson of Christopher "Old Kit" Barbee who was the largest wealthiest landowner in North Carolina. He was the largest land donor for the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Barbee served as board president; a bronze statue of him is in the university. Jones had many children who went on to populate the county with names still enduring today such as Barbee, White, Durham, and Brambeletts. Some of his great-grandchildren still reside in the community. His great-great-great-granddaughter, Carolina, lives on his land today in Edna Hill and is the 6th generation to continually live on his old homestead. Her children are the 7th generation to do so. The families of other early settlers still endure there today. Dublin later became famous as the early boyhood home of the PGA, U.S. Open and Masters golf champion Ben Hogan.

In 1857, thirty pioneers settled in the county led by surveyors George Erath (1813–1891). The group included brothers William F. and John M. Stephen and a black family whose name and destiny is unknown.

Erath, an immigrant from Vienna, Austria, was a Texas Ranger and member of Billingsley's Company C, 1st Regiment of Texas Volunteers, under the command of Col. Charles Burleson at the Battle of San Jacinto, and a member of the Confederate Home Guard. As a Freemason, he was a charter member and secretary of Bosque Lodge #92, from 1852 to 1855 – which changed its name to Waco #92 in 1857 and remains the oldest continuous organization in Waco, Texas.

Cotton became the major crop between 1875 and 1915, with the largest crop being in 1906. The industry was helped in 1879 when the Texas Central Railroad reached Dublin, and in 1889 when the Fort Worth and Rio Grande railroad was completed through Stephenville. This opened eastern markets for the county's cotton crops. By 1910, soil erosion and the boll weevil caused diversity planning that led to dairy farms, fruit orchards, nurseries, peanuts, feed crops and poultry.

The community of Thurber was created by the Johnson Coal Company. From 1888 to 1921, the Texas Pacific Coal Company mined coal near Thurber, making it a leading coal producer in the state. Fifty-two percent of the miners were of Italian ancestry, creating the "Italian Hill" community just outside Thurber. The United Mine Workers in 1903 sent Joe Fenoglio to organize the Italian workers, thus beginning the Thurber Coal Miners Strike. In the 1970s, the area began bituminous coal production for fuel in the cement industry.

Tarleton State University was founded in 1893 as Stephenville College but was renamed in 1899 after the local rancher John Tarleton rescued the institution from financial difficulties.

On November 4, 2008, Erath County voters elected to allow the sale of beer and wine in the county for off-premises consumption.

Erath's original 1866 wooden courthouse burned to the ground, destroying county documents along with it. A second stone courthouse was built in 1877 but eventually razed. The cornerstone for the current courthouse was laid in 1891. The architects James Riely Gordon and D. E. Laub designed the present three-story showcase Victorian structure. In addition to Erath, Gordon designed the Arizona State Capitol, and courthouses in Aransas, Bexar, Brazoria, Comal, Ellis, Fayette, Gonzales, Harrison, Hopkins, Lee, McLennan, Victoria and Wise counties. The building was completed in 1893, with limestone from the Leon River and red sandstone from Pecos County. The building's centralized 95-foot tower has a bell tower and creates a chandeliered atrium from the first floor to the third. The interior is east Texas pine, with cast and wrought-iron stairways, and tessellated imported marble floors. It was renovated in 1988.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,090 square miles (2,800 km), of which 1,083 square miles (2,800 km) is land and 6.7 square miles (17 km) (0.6%) is water.

• Interstate 20
• U.S. Highway 67
• U.S. Highway 281
• U.S. Highway 377
• State Highway 6
• State Highway 108

• Palo Pinto County (north)
• Hood County (northeast)
• Somervell County (east)
• Bosque County (southeast)
• Hamilton County (south)
• Comanche County (southwest)
• Eastland County (west)

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1860	2,425		—
1870	1,801		−25.7%
1880	11,796		555.0%
1890	21,584		83.0%
1900	29,966		38.8%
1910	32,095		7.1%
1920	28,385		−11.6%
1930	20,804		−26.7%
1940	20,760		−0.2%
1950	18,434		−11.2%
1960	16,236		−11.9%
1970	18,141		11.7%
1980	22,560		24.4%
1990	27,991		24.1%
2000	33,001		17.9%
2010	37,890		14.8%
2020	42,545		12.3%
U.S. Decennial Census 1850–2010 2010 2020

Erath County, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.

Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)	Pop 2000	Pop 2010	Pop 2020	% 2000	% 2010	% 2020
White alone (NH)	27,269	29,382	30,006	82.63%	77.55%	70.53%
Black or African American alone (NH)	257	431	1,194	0.78%	1.14%	2.81%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)	127	170	215	0.38%	0.45%	0.51%
Asian alone (NH)	117	240	348	0.35%	0.63%	0.82%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)	9	12	13	0.03%	0.03%	0.03%
Other Race alone (NH)	20	18	104	0.06%	0.05%	0.24%
Mixed Race or Multiracial (NH)	243	358	1,411	0.74%	0.94%	3.32%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	4,959	7,279	9,254	15.03%	19.21%	21.75%
Total	33,001	37,890	42,545	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

At the 2010 census, there were 37,890 people, 14,569 households and 9,003 families residing in the county. The racial makeup of the county was 85.6% White, 1.2% Black or African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.0003% Pacific Islander, 10% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. 19.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 14,569 households, of which 29.59% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.03% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present and 38.2% were non-families. 27% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.06.

22.29% of the population were under the age of 18, 19.40% from 18 to 24, 23.10% from 25 to 44, 22.60% from 45 to 64, and 12.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30.5 years. For every 100 females there were 96.50 males.

• Dublin
• Stephenville (county seat)

• Duffau

At the presidential level, Erath County is predominantly Republican. In 2012, Mitt Romney won the county in the presidential election, taking over 80% of the vote. The last Democrat to win the county was Jimmy Carter, in 1976 and 1980.

United States presidential election results for Erath County, Texas

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	13,684	81.08%	2,916	17.28%	277	1.64%
2016	11,210	80.69%	2,160	15.55%	523	3.76%
2012	10,329	82.81%	1,965	15.75%	179	1.44%
2008	10,768	76.81%	3,128	22.31%	123	0.88%
2004	9,506	77.40%	2,710	22.07%	65	0.53%
2000	8,126	73.11%	2,804	25.23%	185	1.66%
1996	4,750	49.49%	3,664	38.17%	1,184	12.34%
1992	3,835	36.77%	3,531	33.85%	3,065	29.38%
1988	5,427	56.71%	4,113	42.98%	30	0.31%
1984	6,122	65.16%	3,234	34.42%	39	0.42%
1980	3,981	47.93%	4,156	50.04%	169	2.03%
1976	2,925	37.55%	4,821	61.89%	44	0.56%
1972	4,777	74.26%	1,648	25.62%	8	0.12%
1968	2,209	36.46%	2,915	48.11%	935	15.43%
1964	1,642	29.87%	3,851	70.04%	5	0.09%
1960	2,696	51.69%	2,490	47.74%	30	0.58%
1956	2,775	53.66%	2,377	45.97%	19	0.37%
1952	3,249	54.93%	2,664	45.04%	2	0.03%
1948	598	14.94%	3,172	79.26%	232	5.80%
1944	411	9.85%	3,330	79.84%	430	10.31%
1940	646	15.67%	3,459	83.90%	18	0.44%
1936	290	9.68%	2,694	89.95%	11	0.37%
1932	284	7.83%	3,319	91.46%	26	0.72%
1928	1,923	56.94%	1,372	40.63%	82	2.43%
1924	406	10.27%	3,396	85.89%	152	3.84%
1920	358	13.05%	1,914	69.78%	471	17.17%
1916	184	7.32%	2,024	80.57%	304	12.10%
1912	156	8.19%	1,569	82.36%	180	9.45%

Two newspapers have offices located in Erath County: The Stephenville Empire-Tribune and The Dublin Citizen. Local television stations that provide coverage for Erath County and surrounding areas come from the Dallas/Fort Worth and Waco/Temple/Killeen metropolitan areas.

Five radio stations have their main studios and offices in Erath County: KEQX 89.5, KTRL 90.5, KSTV-FM 93.1, KXTR-LP 100.7 and KSTV (AM) 1510. KTRL and KXTR-LP are operated by Tarleton State University.

Several scenes in the Paul Greengrass Western movie News of the World starring Tom Hanks take place in a fictionalized Erath County shortly after the end of the Civil War.

In 2023 television and film producer Taylor Sheridan's company used several locations in Erath County including the Court House Square to film The Bass Reeves Story for Netflix as the Yellowstone franchise evolved to include additional places, times and events. Downtown Stephenville was transformed for several weeks into a 19th-century facsimile of Ft. Smith, Arkansas.

Erath County is home to several nationally famous people including 7-time American Rodeo Association World Champion and co-founder of Professional Bull Riders (PBR Rodeo) Tye Murray; comedic actress and winner of the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress (1972- Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In) and 5-time Emmy Award nominee Ruth Buzzi; activist Taya Kyle, widow of Navy Seal Cris Kyle who was murdered in Erath County; and it is the birth home of the late country singer-songwriter Johnny Duncan. Stephenville in Erath County is also home to pro football star Cody Davis who plays Safety for the New England Patriots. It is also home to 3-time national "coach of the year in college football, Arthur "Art" Briles, who is currently coaching an Italian professional football team and was formerly the coach of Houston Cougars and the Baylor Bears football teams.

• List of museums in North Texas
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Erath County, Texas
• Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Erath County
• Three Way Independent School District

• Erath County
• Erath County in Handbook of Texas Online at the University of Texas
• Entry for George B. Erath from the Biographical Encyclopedia of Texas published 1880, hosted by the Portal to Texas History.

32°14′N 98°13′W / 32.23°N 98.22°W / 32.23; -98.22