Erskine Island is a small coral cay in the southern Great Barrier Reef, located 60 kilometres northeast of Gladstone, Queensland and 17 km west-south-west of Heron Island. It is part of the Capricornia Cays National Park and of the Capricornia Cays Important Bird Area.

The Capricorn silvereye, a small bird endemic to islands in the Capricorn-Bunker Group, is resident on Erskine. Loggerhead turtles nest on the beaches. It is the type locality of the shrimp Periclimenes madreporae Bruce, 1969.

• List of islands of Australia

• Anon (2000). "Capricornia Cays National Park and Capricornia Cays National Park (Scientific) Management Plan" (PDF). Conservation Management Report. Brisbane: Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service. ISSN 1037-4698. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2011.

23°30′00″S 151°46′00″E / 23.5°S 151.7667°E / -23.5; 151.7667