Located in the north of the Aveyron department, Estaing is considered one of the most picturesque villages in France. It one of the ten villages of Aveyron that are part of the Les Plus Beaux Villages de France association ("the most beautiful villages of France"). The village is very quiet during the winter months; it is in the summer that it shows the most signs of life. Lying at 320 metres above sea level, the winters are cool and the summers are hot and dry.
Urbain Hémard, doctor and dentist of the bishop Georges d'Armagnac, banished from Rodez for having favoured the Ligueurs in 1589, came to find refuge in Estaing and died there on 14 October 1592.