Esterwegen is a municipality in the Emsland district, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

Esterwegen lies in northwest Germany, less than 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the Dutch border and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the sea.

In 2015 the population was 5,280.

The mayor is Hermann Willenborg.

In 1933 a concentration camp was established in Esterwegen. In 1936 the camp was dissolved and used till 1945 as a prisoner camp, for political prisoners and later for prisoners of the decree Nacht und Nebel.

• Julius Leber, politician
• Carl von Ossietzky, journalist and Nobel Peace Prize Laureate
• Georg Diederichs, later Minister-President of Lower Saxony
• Karl Germer, Outer Head of the Order (OHO) of Ordo Templi Orientis

• memorial of Camp Esterwegen and the other 14 Emsland camps (in German, English, Dutch, French)
• de:KZ Esterwegen
• homepage of the memorial (in German)
• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum - Concentration Camps, 1933-1939