The bulk of the coins present are issues of three monarchs, Elizabeth I and the first two Stuart kings of England, James I and Charles I. There are just five coins dated prior to Elizabeth's reign - all of Edward VI. Irish coins were struck at the Tower mint to a distinctive design and weighed three quarters as much as their English counterparts. They were allowed to circulate in England at a lesser rate with shillings valued at 9d. Ten of the twelve Scottish coins come from the period before the unification of England and Scotland under James I (VI), while two were struck under Charles I. Also present are silver coins of Albert and Isabella and Philip IV from the Spanish Netherlands. All these elements are generally consistent with what we know of English currency in the 1640s, the start of the English Civil War, a period from which there are many coin hoards. The whole assemblage is completely consistent as being a single group of coins deposited on one occasion in the mid-1640s. The value of the group when buried was £85-12s-0d, a significant amount of money, which puts it among the larger hoards recorded for the Civil War period. The posy ring (by Judy Rudoe): A thin, lightweight gold posy ring. Plain exterior band, rounded exterior. The interior of the band bears the inscription: When this you see remember me The inscription appears in Joan Evans' English Posies and Posy ring, noted as in use from 1596 to at least 1735. The ring, on its own merits, would not be specifically datable beyond 17 - 18 Century but as the ring was discovered in a pot with coins of terminus date 1645-6 we can conclude that the ring has a comparable date. Dimensions: Diameter: 20.42mm Band width: 4.39mm Band thickness: 1.21mm Weight: 4.9g The pots (by Beverley Nenk): Two post-medieval pottery vessels, both made of hard, highly-fired earthenware covered with a dark brown glaze. Vessel 1: The coins were found in the larger of the two vessels, probably either a Black ware or Cistercian ware bowl or jar. The vessel is complete although broken into two pieces. Height: approx 138mm. Max rim diameter: 151mm. Max base diameter: 105mm. Vessel 2: The second vessel, a small Cistercian ware cup with a flared rim, may also be associated with the hoard. The cup is now lacking its two handles, and the rim of the cup does not survive. Base diameter: approx 50mm. The larger pot was discovered containing the coins with a deposition date of 1645-6, confirming that the pot is of a similar date. It is also possible that the smaller Cistercian ware cup was associated with the hoard. Cistercian ware (originally so-called when examples were found on the sites of Cistercian abbeys in Yorkshire) dates from the later 15 to the 17 century, and Black ware pottery from the 17to 18 centuries. Both types of pottery were produced at the important manufacturing centre of Wrenthorpe (or Potovens), near Wakefield, some 10 miles from Ackworth. Further research might determine whether the Ackworth pots were products of the Wrenthorpe industry. Conclusion: The latest coins present belong to the mint mark sun, in use 1645-6. There is no indication that the group was added to over time, instead it looks strongly as though it was withdrawn from use at a single point. The coins found at Ackworth can certainly be regarded a deposit made on a single occasion. They are all of good silver and gold. It is our opinion, therefore, that the find fulfils the criteria of Treasure according to the terms of the Act. The posy ring (which by virtue of its age and precious metal content would fulfil the criteria for Treasure in its own right) the larger pot and the leather fragment, being found with the coins, would therefore be Treasure by association with the coin hoard. Owing to the close dating and possible association of the smaller Cistercian ware cup with the rest of the hoard, it could also be considered as part of this find. Richard Kelleher Curatorial Assistant Department of Coins and Medals British Museum Judy Rudoe Curator of Modern Collections Department of Prehistory & Europe British Museum Beverley Nenk Curator of Later Medieval Collections Department of Prehistory & Europe British Museum Appendix I - Catalogue of the coins

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ENGLISH COINS
Edward VI (1547-1553)
Posthumous coinage in the name of Henry VIII (1)
1	Gold half sovereign, Tower mint, m.m. none/none, K below shield (1547-9) [N1865]	5.50g
Silver (4)
2	Shilling, Y (1547-51) [N1937]	4.57g
3	Shilling, tun (1551-3) [N1937]	5.51g
4	Sixpence, London, Y (1550-1) [N1938]	2.72g
5	Sixpence, London, uncertain (1551-3) [N1938]	2.28g
Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
Hammered coinage
Silver
Shilling (30)
6-10	Cross-crosslet (1560-1) [N1985]	5.92g, 5.85g, 5.50g, 4.97g, 4.91g
11-17	Martlet (1560-1) [N1985]	5.85g, 5.80g, 5.51g, 5.40g, 5.25g, 5.23g, 5.16g
18-20	Bell (1582/3-83) [N2014]	5.90g, 5.74g, 5.44g
21-24	A (1583-84/5) [N2014]	6.19g, 5.81g, 5.76g, 4.92g
25	Escallop (1584/5-87) [N2014]	5.54g
26-28	Tun (1591/2-94) [N2014]	6.09g, 5.98g, 5.71g
29	Woolpack (1594-95/6) [N2014]	5.77g
30	Key (1595/6-97/8) [N2014]	5.77g
31-32	1 (1601-2) [N2014]	5.50g, 4.83g
33-34	2 (1602-3) [N2014]	5.77g, 5.87g
35	Uncertain mintmark (hand, tun?)	6.15g
Sixpence (121)
36-55	Pheon (1561) [N1997]	2.82g, 2.76g, 2.72g, 2.72g, 2.72g, 2.69g, 2.68g, 2.67g, 2.64g, 2.62g, 2.57g, 2.57g, 2.56g, 2.51g, 2.51g, 2.50g, 2.47g, 2.44g, 2.44g, 2.20g
56-59	Rose (1565) [N1997]	2.69g, 2.64g, 2.62g, 2.53g
60	Illegible (1565) [N1997]	2.72g
61-65	Portcullis (1566) [N1997]	2.81g, 2.75g, 2.72g, 2.71g, 2.50g
66-67	Lion (1566) [N1997]	2.83g, 2.44g
68-69	Coronet (1567) [N1997]	2.76g, 2.61g
70-75	Coronet (1568) [N1997]	2.88g, 2.79g, 2.78g, 2.75g, 2.67g, 2.49g
76-82	Coronet (1569) [N1997]	2.82g, 2.78g, 2.76g, 2.73g, 2.61g, 2.57g, 2.16g
83-84	Coronet (1570) [N1997]	2.71g, 2.30g
85-87	Castle (1571) [N1997]	2.84g, 2.63g, 2.43g
88-94	Ermine (1572) [N1997]	2.77g, 2.71g, 2.68g, 2.66g, 2.50g, 2.46g, 2.32g
95-98	Ermine (1573) [N1997]	2.83g, 2.80g, 2.78g, 2.65g
99-100	Acorn (1573) [N1997]	2.79g, 2.68g
101	Acorn (1574) [N1997]	2.83g
102-103	Eglantine (1574) [N1997]	2.91g, 2.75g
104-107	Eglantine (1575) [N1997]	2.80g, 2.72g, 2.64g, 2.45g
108-113	Plain cross (1578) [N1997]	3.11g, 3.00g, 2.82g, 2.79g, 2.78g, 2.69g
114-118	Plain cross (1579) [N1997]	2.92g, 2.87g, 2.78g, 2.75g, 2.50g
119	Plain cross? (1580) [N1997]	2.66g
120-124	Long cross (1580) [N1997]	2.77g, 2.75g, 2.72g, 2.70g, 2.61g
125	Uncertain (1580) [N1997]	2.63g
126-127	Long cross (1581) [N1997]	2.77g, 2.61g
128-130	Sword (1582) [N1997]	2.78g, 2.75g, 2.75g
131	Uncertain [N1997]	2.22g
132-133	Bell (1583) [N2015]	2.77g, 2.64g
134-135	A (1583) [N2015]	2.68g, 2.65g
136	A (1584) [N2015]	2.72g
137-138	Escallop (1585) [N2015]	2.74g, 2.39g
139	Escallop (1586) [N2015]	2.59g
140	Escallop (1587) [N2015]	2.89g
141-142	Crescent (1587) [N2015]	2.93g, 2.79g
143	Crescent (1588) [N2015]	2.67g
144-145	Hand (1591) [N2015]	2.90g, 2.80g
146-149	Tun (1592) [N2015]	2.89g, 2.78g, 2.62g, 2.59g
150-151	Tun (1593) [N2015]	2.71g, 2.65g
152	Woolpack or key? (1595) [N2015]	2.73g
153	Key (1596) [N2015]	2.80g
154-155	2 (1602) [N2015]	2.83g, 2.83g
Milled sixpence (1)
156	Bust C, star (1562) [2026]	3.06g
James I (1603-25)
First coinage (1603-4)
Shilling (4)
157-158	Thistle (1603-4) bust 1 [N2072]	5.58g, 5.36g
159	Thistle (1603-4) bust 1 [N2072]	5.76g
160	Uncertain (1603-5) bust 2 [N2073]	5.04g
Sixpence (11)
161-166	Thistle (1603) bust 1 [N2074]	2.90g, 2.85g, 2.76g, 2.76g, 2.58g, 2.52g
167-168	Thistle (1603) bust 1 [N2075]	2.75g, 2.20g
169	Thistle (1604) bust 2 [N2075]	2.83g
170	Lis (1604) bust 2 [N2075]	2.81g
Second coinage (1604-19)
Gold Unite (5)
171	Tower (1612-13) bust 4 [2084]	9.80g
172	Trefoil (1613) bust 4 [2084]	9.78g
173-175	Tun (1615-16) bust 5 [2085]	10.05g, 9.84g, 9.83g
Gold double crown (3)
176-177	Coronet (1607-9) bust 4 [2087]	4.98g, 4.96g
178	Crescent (1617-18) bust 5 [2088]	4.96g
Gold Britain crown (4)
179	Coronet (1607-9) bust 1 [2090]	2.46g
180	Tower (1612-13) bust 3 [2091]	2.47g
181	Cinquefoil (1613-15) bust 3 [2091]	2.49g
182	Tun (1615-16) bust 5 [2092]	2.34g
Gold half crown (3)
183	Cinquefoil (1613-15) bust 5 [N2095]	1.28g
184	Book (1616-17) bust 5 [N2095]	1.20g
185	Plain cross (1618-19) bust 5 [N2095]	1.22g
Shilling (17)
186-190	Lis (1604-5) bust 3 [N2099]	5.83g, 5.79g, 5.73g, 5.58g, 5.27g
191-192	Rose (1605-6) bust 3 [N2099]	5.86g, 5.74g
193-194	Rose (1605-6) bust 4 [N2100]	6.06g, 5.71g
195	Escallop (1606-7) bust 4 [N2100]	5.90g
196-199	Grapes (1607) bust 4 [N2100]	5.75g, 5.73g, 5.47g, 5.15g
200	Coronet (1607-9) bust 5 [N2101]	5.63g
201	Coronet (1607-9) bust 6 [N2101]	5.83g
202	Trefoil (1613) bust 5 [N1613]	5.85g
Sixpence (8)
203	Lis (1604) bust 3 [N2102]	2.87g
204	Lis (1605) bust 3 [N2102]	2.60g
205	Rose (1605) bust 3 [N2102]	2.88g
206-207	Rose (1605) bust 4 [N2103]	2.60g, 2.24g
208	Escallop (1606) bust 4 [N2103]	2.96g
209	Grapes (1607) bust 4 [N2103]	2.81g
210	Coronet (1608) bust 4 [N2103]	2.79g
Third coinage (1619-25)
Gold laurel (8)
211	Lis (1623-4) [N2114]	9.02g
212-218	Trefoil (1624) [N2114]	9.18g, 9.09g, 9.08g, 9.05g, 9.04g, 9.01g, 8.97g
Gold half laurel (2)
219-220	Trefoil (1624) bust 4 [N2117]	4.53g, 4.38g
Gold quarter laurel (2)
221	Thistle (1621-3) bust 2 [N2118]	2.28g
222	Spur rowel (1619-20) bust 2 [N2118]	2.21g
Half crown (1)
223	Trefoil (1624) [N2123]	14.72g
Shilling (3)
224	Rose (1620-1) bust 6 [N2124]	5.78g
225	Lis (1623-4) bust 6 [N2124]	6.04g
226	Trefoil (1624) bust 6 [N2124]	5.70g
Sixpence (3)
227	Rose (1621) bust 6 [N2126]	2.84g
228	Trefoil (1624) bust 6 [N2126]	2.96g
229	Lis (1624) bust 6 [N2126]	2.58g
Charles I (1625-49)
Gold unite (13)
230-233	Group A, lis (1625) bust 1 [N2146]	9.07g, 9.03g, 9.02g, 8.95g
234	Group B, blackamoor's head (1626-7) bust 2 [N2148]	9.06g
235	Group B, castle (1627-8) bust 2 [N2148]	8.99g
236	Group B, anchor (1628-9) bust 2 [N2148]	9.03g
237	Group B, heart (1629-30) bust 2 [N2148]	9.07g
238	Group C, plume (1630-1) bust 3 [N2150]	9.09g
239	Group C, rose (1630-1) bust 3 [N2151]	9.08g
240-241	Group D, crown (1635-6) bust 4 [N2153]	9.12g, 9.03g
242	Group F, star (1640-1) bust 6 [N2154]	9.05g
Gold double crown (6)
243	Group A, lis (1625) bust 1 [N2159]	4.57g
244	Group A, cross calvary (1625-6) bust 1 [N2159]	4.43g
245-246	Group B, castle (1627-8) bust 2 [N2161]	4.47g, 4.47g<a title="" href="#_ftn1">[1]</a>
247	Group D, bell (1634-5) bust 4 [N2169]	4.52g
248	Group F, (P) (1643-4) bust 6 [N2177]	4.58g
Gold crown (4)
249	Group A, lis (1625) bust 1 [N2179]	2.31g
250	Group A, uncertain, bust 1 [N2179]	2.22g
251	Group B, cross calvary (1625-6) bust 2 [N2181]	2.25g
252	Group D, triangle-in-circle (1641-3) bust 4 [N2185]	2.19g
Half crown (87)
253-254	Group II, harp (1632-3) horseman 2 [N2207]	14.90g, 14.70g
255	Group II, portcullis (1633-4) horseman 2 [N2207]	14.94g
256-259	Group III, bell (1634-5) horseman 3 [N2209]	15.05g, 15.05g, 14.93g, 14.45g
260-261	Group III, crown (1635-6) horseman 3 [N2209]	15.11g, 14.92g
262-267	Group III, tun (1636-8) horseman 3 [N2209]	15.28g, 15.26g, 15.21g, 15.20g, 15.20g, 14.91g
268-270	Group III, triangle (1639-40) later horseman [N2211]	15.20g, 15.08g, 14.98g
271-272	Group III, triangle (1639-40) later horseman [N2212]	15.04g, 14.81g
273-277	Group III, star (1640-1) later horseman [N2211]	15.28g, 15.20g, 15.01g, 14.77g, 14.27g
278-299	Group IV, triangle-in-circle (1641-3) fourth horseman [N2214]	15.55g, 15.22g, 15.22g, 15.20g, 15.17g, 15.15g, 15.15g, 15.08g, 15.04g, 15.04g, 15.03g, 15.02g, 14.96g, 14.94g, 14.93g, 14.86g, 14.66g, 14.36g, 14.29g, 14.20g, 13.86g, 13.54g
300-308	Group III, (P) (1643-4) later horseman [N2213]	15.41g, 15.38g, 15.27g, 15.10g, 15.06g, 14.90g, 14.78g, 14.71g, 14.42g
309-318	Group III, (R) (1644-5) fourth horseman [N2213]	16.10g, 15.28g, 15.27g, 15.06g, 15.03g, 14.97g, 14.96g, 14.71g, 14.49g, 13.94g
319	Group III, eye (1645) later horseman [N2213]	14.90g
320-324	Group III, sun (1645-6) later horseman [N2213]	15.68g, 14.91g, 14.91g, 14.63g, 14.56g
325-330	Group III, uncertain mintmark [N2211 or 2213]	15.36g, 15.14g, 14.90g, 14.61g, 13.94g, 13.91g
331-335	Group IV, uncertain mintmark [N2214]	15.58g, 15.13g, 14.90g, 14.75g, 14.26g
336	Group V, sun (1645-6) fifth horseman [2215]	15.10g
Thomas Bushell's mints (1637-45)
337	Oxford, plume (1643) [N2413]	13.40g
338	Oxford, none (1644) [N2420]	14.72g
Other Royalist mints
339	York, type 2 I (1643-44) [N2315]	15.54g
340	York, type 2 J (1643-44) [N2315]	14.84g
341	Chester (1644) [N2628]	14.74g
Unattested Royalist mints
342	'A' mint (1645) [N2514]	15.44g
Shilling (189)
343	Group A, Lis (1625) bust 1 [N2216]	5.80g
344	Group A, Cross calvary (1625-6) bust 1 [N2216]	5.76g
345	Group B, Cross calvary (1625-6) bust 2 [N2218]	5.24g
346	Group B, Blackamoor's head (1626-7) bust 2 [N2220]	5.67g
347	Group C, plume (1630-1) bust 3 [N2221]	5.72g
348-350	Group D, harp (1632-3) bust 4 [N2223]	6.05g, 5.94g, 5.67g
351-354	Group D, portcullis (1633-4) bust 4 [N2223]	5.99g, 5.94g, 5.93g, 5.64g
355-357	Group D, bell (1634-5) bust 4 [N2225]	5.98g, 5.98g, 5.78g
358-374	Group D, crown (1635-6) bust 4 [N2225]	6.08g, 6.06g, 6.03g, 6.00g, 5.99g, 5.99g, 5.97g, 5.97g, 5.97g, 5.95g, 5.94g, 5.93g, 5.91g, 5.91g, 5.91g, 5.88g, 5.83g
375-392	Group D, tun (1636-8) bust 4 [N2225]	6.15g, 6.07g, 6.00g, 5.99g, 5.97g, 5.94g, 5.90g, 5.89g, 5.84g, 5.83g, 5.80g, 5.61g, 5.55g, 5.51g, 5.32g, 5.10g, 5.02g, 4.98g
393-395	Group E, tun (1636-8) bust 5 [N2227]	6.10g, 5.99g, 5.18g
396-400	Group E, anchor (1628-9) bust 3 [N2228]	6.09g, 5.95g, 5.60g, 5.84g, 5.82g
401	Group E, tun (1636-8) [N2229]	5.78g
402	Group E, triangle (1639-40) [N2229]	6.06g
403-404	Group E, uncertain [N2229]	5.25g, 5.24g
405-410	Group E, anchor (1628-9) bust 5 [N3330/1]	6.05g, 6.00g, 5.98g, 5.97g, 5.83g, 5.76g
411-418	Group F, triangle (1639-40) [N2231]	6.09g, 6.08g, 5.97g, 5.91g, 5.83g, 5.79g, 5.58g, 5.32g
419-439	Group F, star (1640-1) bust 6 [N2231]	6.24g, 6.23g, 6.18g, 6.14g, 6.06g, 6.04g, 5.98g, 5.97g, 5.97g, 5.94g, 5.94g, 5.94g, 5.93g, 5.90g, 5.87g, 5.84g, 5.84g, 5.82g, 5.71g, 5.68g, 5.60g
440-473	Group F, triangle-in-circle (1641-3) bust 6 [N2231]	6.32g, 6.20g, 6.18g, 6.14g, 6.13g, 6.12g, 6.10g, 6.09g, 6.09g, 6.08g, 6.07g, 6.06g, 6.05g, 5.99g, 5.99g, 5.99g, 5.96g, 5.96g, 5.94g, 5.93g, 5.90g, 5.89g, 5.86g, 5.85g, 5.85g, 5.83g, 5.82g, 5.81g, 5.73g, 5.72g, 5.64g, 5.57g, 5.52g, 5.47g,
474-484	Group F, (P) (1643-4) bust 6 [N2231]	6.38g, 6.26g, 6.25g, 6.19g, 6.18g, 6.17g, 6.13g, 5.96g, 5.95g, 5.62g, 5.38g
485-494	Group F, (R) (1644-5) bust 6 [N2231]	6.30g, 6.21g, 6.15g, 6.08g, 5.96g, 5.88g, 5.88g, 5.79g, 5.64g, 5.62g
495	Group F, (P) or (R) bust 6 [N2231]	6.15g
496-511	Group F, uncertain mintmark, bust 6 [N2231]	7.33g, 6.28g, 6.27g, 6.18g, 6.17g, 6.17g, 6.07g, 6.05g, 6.05g, 5.97g, 5.96g, 5.94g, 5.86g, 5.85g, 5.72g, 5.33g
512-515	Group F, uncertain mintmark, bust 6 [N2231 or 2232]	6.77g, 6.14g, 6.12g, 6.05g
516-523	Group F, eye (1645) bust 6 [N2232]	6.29g, 6.15g, 6.15g, 6.05g, 6.00g, 6.00g, 5.89g, 5.88g
524-527	Group F, sun (1645-6) bust 6 [N2232]	6.15g, 6.09g, 5.59g, 5.52g
528	Group F, eye or sun, later bust [N2232]	5.79g
529-530	Group G, sun, bust 7 [N2233]	6.07g, 6.06g
Thomas Bushell's mints (1637-45)
531	Oxford, 1644	5.93g
Sixpence (31)
532	Group C, plume (1630-1) bust 3 [N2238]	2.79g
533	Group D, harp (1632-3) bust 4 [N2240]	2.96g
534-537	Group D, crown (1635-6) bust 4 [N2241]	3.02g, 2.97g, 2.98g, 2.86g
538-543	Group D, tun (1636-8) bust 4 [N2241]	3.07g, 3.02g, 3.00g, 2.99g, 2.96g, 2.95g
544-545	Group E, tun (1636-8) bust 5 [N2242]	3.07g, 2.94g
546-553	Group E, anchor (1628-9) bust 5 [N2244]	3.10g, 2.99g, 2.98g, 2.94g, 2.92g, 2.81g, 2.78g, 2.41g
554-555	Group F, triangle (1639-40) bust 6 [N2246]	2.95g, 2.95g
556-558	Group F, star (1640-41) bust 6 [N2246]	3.06g, 2.90g, 2.78g
559-560	Group F, star-in-triangle (1641-3) bust 6 [N2246]	3.15g, 2.96g
561	Group F, (P) (1643-4) bust 6 [N2246]	3.20g
562	Group F, (R) (1644-5) bust 6 [N2246]	3.27g
IRISH COINS (3)
Shilling
563	First coinage (1603-4), bell [S6512]	3.98g
564	First coinage (1603-4), uncertain mintmark [S6512]	4.16g
565	Second coinage (1604-7), escallop [S6515]	4.28g
Sixpence
566	First coinage (1603-4), bell [S6514]	1.87g
SCOTTISH COINS (12)
James VI
Gold half sword and sceptre
567	Eighth coinage (1602) [S5462]	2.41g
Thirty shillings (= 2s 6d. English)
568-569	Eighth coinage, type II, thistle (one has two thistles) [S5504]	14.93g, 14.78g
Thistle merk
570	Eighth coinage (1601) [S5497]	6.18g
571-576	Eighth coinage (1602) [S5497]	6.42g, 6.32g, 6.31g, 6.28g, 6.18g, 6.13g
Charles I
Thirty shillings (= 2s 6d. English)
577-578	Third coinage (1637-42) [S5554]	15.01g, 14.92g
FOREIGN COINS (12)
Spanish Netherlands
Albert and Elisabeth (1598-1621)
579	Ducaton, Brabant, Anvers, 1619 [H309-1]	32.22g
Philip IV (1621-65)
580-582	Ducaton, type I, Brabant, Anvers, 1633 [H327-1a]	32.55g, 32.46g, 32.45g
583	Ducaton, type I, Brabant, Anvers, 1634 [H327-1a]	32.57g
584	Ducaton, type I, Brabant, Anvers, 1635 [H327-1a]	32.43g
585	Ducaton, type I, Brabant, Anvers, 1636 [H327-1a]	32.52g
586	Ducaton, type II, Brabant, Brussels, 1637 [H327-1b]	32.50g
587-588	Ducaton, type II, Brabant, Brussels, 1638 [H327-1b]	32.48g, 32.47g
589	Ducaton, type II, Brabant, uncertain mint, 1639 [H327-1b-9b]	32.58g
590	Ducaton, type II, Brabant, Brussels, 1640 [H327-1b]	32.46g
Uncertain (1)
591	Possible shilling	2.99g

<a title="" href="#_ftnref1">[1]</a> This coin has no inner circle on obverse.