File:First Fitna Map, Ali-Muawiya Phase.png
The area shaded in green represents the territories of the Caliphate under Ali's control following the capture of Egypt by Mu'awiya's ally and deputy Amr ibn al-As in 658; the area in shaded in pink represents Mu'awiya's domains. Battles, raids by Mu'awiya's lieutenants and the military expedition route of Mu'awiya's lieutenant Busr ibn Abi Artat are all indicated. The frontiers of the Caliphate are approximate. Sources:
- Madelung, Wilferd (1997). The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56181-7, pages 184–310.