File:House Of Ma'n.png
Ma'ns:
- The eponymous progenitor of the dynasty is traditionally held to have died in 1148, according to the 19th-century local chronicles of Haydar al-Shihabi and Tannus al-Shidyaq.
- The first Yunus is stated to have died in 1470, according solely to Shidyaq, who erroneously calls him "Yusuf". (Hourani 2010, p. 917, note 37) Yunus is mentioned in a 1493 mosque inscription in Deir al-Qamar as the father of Fakhr al-Din Uthman. In the inscription he is given the honorary title of "al-Hajj", ostensibly reserved for Muslims who have undertaken the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca. (Salibi 1973, p. 277)
- Fakhr al-Din Uthman and his father Yunus are the first members of the Ma'n whose existence is certain, according to the historian Kamal Salibi. Information about the Ma'nids who preceded them is related "without foundation" by Shihabi and Shidyaq. (Salibi 1991, p. 343.) In addition to the Deir al-Qamar inscription, Fakhr al-Din's chieftainship in the Chouf as well as the date of his death are attested by the local, contemporary Druze chronicler Ibn Sibat and the contemporary Damascene chroniclers al-Busrawi, Ibn al-Himsi and Ibn Tulun. (Salibi 1973, pp. 277–278; Hourani 2010, pp. 917–918)
- Yunus, son of Fakhr al-Din Uthman, succeeded his father and died in 1511 according to Ibn Sibat. (Salibi 1973, p. 278)
- Qurqumaz is indicated to have held the chieftainship of at least part of the Chouf, the other parts being held by his Ma'nid kinsmen Alam al-Din Sulayman and Zayn al-Din. He is first securely attested in 1518 by Ibn Sibat. The 17th-century Maronite patriarch and historian notes that a Qurqumaz, likely the same person, was established in the Chouf village of Baruk in 1528.
- The likely son of Qurqumaz, Yunus, is attested in Ottoman tax records in 1530, (Abu-Husayn 1985, pp. 67, note 3, 69) 1548, 1553 and 1556 (Hourani 2010, p. 919). A "Yunus Ma'n", likely the same person, was executed by a governor of Damascus named Mustafa Pasha according to the contemporary Damascene poet Muhammad ibn Mamai (d. 1579), who does not provide a date for the execution. According to an Ottoman government document Yunus was executed in 1556.
- Qurqumaz, the son of Yunus, is mentioned in Ottoman government records in 1558, 1568, 1569, 1574, 1575, 1581 and died in hiding in 1586 in the aftermath of an Ottoman punitive expedition targeting his Chouf domains in 1585.(Abu-Husayn 1985, pp. 69–71, 79; Hourani 2010, pp. 919–920).
- Fakhr al-Din II and Yunus, sons of Qurqumaz, and Ali, son of Fakhr al-Din II, largely controlled the sanjak of Sidon-Beirut from 1592, Safad from 1602 and Tripoli from 1627 until their downfall in 1633. Fakhr al-Din II was executed along with his son Mansur (erroneously called Mas'ud by 17th-century historian Mustafa Naima) in 1635. According to Duwayhi, Fakhr al-Din's sons Hasan, Buluk and Haydar and Yunus's son Hamdan were executed by the governor of Damascus in 1633. (Hourani 2010, pp. 932–936)
- Fakhr al-Din II's son Husayn was captured with his father and brother but was spared execution due to his youth. He went on to serve the Empire as an important diplomat and died in the 1690s. according to Naima. (Hourani, pp. 934-935)
- (Omitted from diagram) The sons of Fakhr al-Din's brother Yunus, Najm and Hasan died in 1619 from plague, according to the account of Fakhr al-Din's adviser Ahmad al-Khalidi al-Safadi (d. 1624).(Hourani 2010, p. 938)
- Mulhim, the sole surviving son of Yunus, eventually succeeded his father and uncle over parts of the Sidon-Beirut, Safad and Tripoli sanjaks until his death in 1658. (Hourani 2010, pp. 938–939)
- Mulhim was succeeded by his sons Qurqumaz and Ahmad. The former was slain by the Ottomans in 1662, according to Duwayhi and the contemporary French consul to Sidon, Laurent d'Arvieux. (Hourani 2010, p. 940) Ahmad died in Deir al-Qamar in 1697, according to Duwayhi. (Hourani 2010, p. 942) He was the last surviving male member of the Ma'n dynasty through the line of Qurqumaz ibn Yunis (fl. 1518–1528) and was conventionally thought to have been the last surviving member of the entire Ma'n family. The modern historian Kamal Salibi and others have postulated that the Alam al-Din family active in Mount Lebanon in the 17th century were descendants of Qurqumaz ibn Yunis's Ma'nid kinsman Alam al-Din Sulayman (fl. 1518–early 1520s).(Salibi 1973, p. 272, 286) The modern researcher However, Alexander Hourani, basing his information on the Sijill al-Arslani (genealogical records of the still-existing Choueifat-based Arslan (or Raslan) family, which stretch back to the 8th century) holds that the Alam al-Din family were a branch of the Tanukh Arabs, as the Arslans are. (Hourani 2010, p. 950) The Alam al-Din family was exterminated at the Battle of Ain Dara in 1711. (Salibi 1973, p. 272, 286) According to Hourani, basing his information on Saliqah's Tarikh Hasbaya (History of Hasbaya), there was a Alam al-Din family descended from Alam al-Din Sulayman, two of whose members Sulayman and Salman, supposedly owned lands in Ibn al-Saqi in the Marjayoun area. The family died out in 1962. (Hourani 2010, pp. 915, 942).
- Ahmad's son Mulhim had died at the age of twelve in 1680, according to Duwayhi. (Hourani 2010, p. 942)
Tanukhs:
- The name of Sayf al-Din and Nasab's father is not provided in the sources.
- Nasab was wed to Qurqumaz ibn Yunus and mothered Fakhr al-Din II and Yunus.
Shihabs:
- The first Qasim is mentioned in an Ottoman government record from 1574. (Hourani 2010, p. 971)
- Ali, the son of Qasim, was a tax farmer and wed to the unnamed daughter of Yunus ibn Qurqumaz. He was executed by Kucuk Ahmed Pasha. (Hourani 2010, p. 974)
- Ahmad, the son of Qasim, was a tax farmer in Wadi al-Taym and other neighboring areas and is last mentioned mobilizing against Kucuk Ahmed Pasha's campaign in 1633. (Hourani 2010, pp. 971–972)
- Husayn, the son of Ahmad, was wed to Fa'iza or another daughter of Mulhim ibn Yunus. He was executed by Kucuk Ahmed Pasha in 1633. (Hourani 2010, p. 972)
- Bashir, the son of Husayn, succeeded Ahmad ibn Muhlhim Ma'n in the tax farms of southern Mount Lebanon. (Hourani 2010, p. 972)
- The second Qasim was the son of Ali. He was executed by Kucuk Ahmed Pasha. (Hourani 2010, p. 976)
- Mansur, the son of Qasim, was a tax farmer and executed in 1662. (Hourani 2010, p. 976)
- Musa, the son of Mansur, was a governor of Wadi al-Taym and wed to an unnamed daughter of Ahmad ibn Mulhim Ma'n. (Hourani 2010, p. 977)
- Haydar, the son of Musa and Mulhim's daughter succeeded his distant cousin Bashir in the tax farms of southern Mount Lebanon.
Sources:
- Abu-Husayn, Abdul-Rahim (1985). Provincial Leaderships in Syria, 1575-1650. Beirut: American University of Beirut.
- Hourani, Alexander (2010). New Documents on the History of Mount Lebanon and Arabistan in the 10th and 11th Centuries H. Beirut
- Salibi, Kamal S. (July 1973). "The Secret of the House of Ma'n". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 4 (3): 272–287
- Salibi, K. (1991). "Maʿn". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume VI: Mahk–Mid. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 343–344