File:Muscle Protein Synthesis Signaling Cascades.jpg
Abbreviations and schematic representations:
■PLD: phospholipase D
■PA: phosphatidic acid
■mTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin
■AMP: adenosine monophosphate
■ATP: adenosine triphosphate
■AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase
■PGC‐1α: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α
■4EBP1: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1
■S6K1: p70S6 kinase
■eIF4E: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E
■RPS6: ribosomal protein S6
■eEF2: eukaryotic elongation factor 2
■RE: resistance exercise; EE: endurance exercise
■Myo: myofibrillar; Mito: mitochondrial
■AA: amino acids
■↑ represents activation
■Τ represents inhibition
■PA: phosphatidic acid
■mTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin
■AMP: adenosine monophosphate
■ATP: adenosine triphosphate
■AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase
■PGC‐1α: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α
■4EBP1: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1
■S6K1: p70S6 kinase
■eIF4E: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E
■RPS6: ribosomal protein S6
■eEF2: eukaryotic elongation factor 2
■RE: resistance exercise; EE: endurance exercise
■Myo: myofibrillar; Mito: mitochondrial
■AA: amino acids
■↑ represents activation
■Τ represents inhibition