Gallaway is a city in Fayette County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 680 at the 2010 census.

Gallaway is located in northwestern Fayette County at 35°19′36″N 89°36′59″W / 35.32667°N 89.61639°W / 35.32667; -89.61639 (35.326725, -89.616484). U.S. Routes 70 and 79 pass through the northwest side of the city as a single two-lane highway, leading northeast 5 miles (8 km) to Braden and southwest 4 miles (6 km) to Arlington. Downtown Memphis is 30 miles (48 km) to the southwest. Tennessee State Route 196 leads south 6.5 miles (10.5 km) to Hickory Withe.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city of Gallaway has a total area of 6.1 square miles (15.9 km), all land. The Loosahatchie River, a tributary of the Mississippi, flows from east to west through the southern part of the city limits.

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1880	91		—
1890	81		−11.0%
1900	77		−4.9%
1970	304		—
1980	804		164.5%
1990	762		−5.2%
2000	666		−12.6%
2010	680		2.1%
2020	528		−22.4%
Sources:

Gallaway, Tennessee – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.

Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)	Pop 2000	Pop 2010	Pop 2020	% 2000	% 2010	% 2020
White alone (NH)	266	329	183	39.94%	48.38%	34.66%
Black or African American alone (NH)	393	336	307	59.01%	49.41%	58.14%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)	1	1	3	0.15%	0.15%	0.57%
Asian alone (NH)	0	0	1	0.00%	0.00%	0.19%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)	0	1	0	0.00%	0.15%	0.00%
Some Other Race alone (NH)	0	1	6	0.00%	0.15%	1.14%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH)	6	9	7	0.90%	1.32%	1.33%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	0	3	21	0.00%	0.44%	3.98%
Total	666	680	528	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

As of the census of 2000, there were 666 people, 235 households, and 145 families residing in the city. The population density was 188.1 inhabitants per square mile (72.6/km). There were 267 housing units at an average density of 75.4 per square mile (29.1/km). The racial makeup of the city was 39.94% White, 59.01% African American, 0.15% Native American, and 0.90% from two or more races.

There were 235 households, out of which 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.8% were married couples living together, 28.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.9% were non-families. 36.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.26.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 21.5% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 19.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $15,192, and the median income for a family was $23,750. Males had a median income of $25,179 versus $16,500 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,836. About 35.5% of families and 43.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 53.6% of those under age 18 and 15.2% of those age 65 or over.

The town's largest employer is Medical Action Industries, a producer of plastic medical supplies and patient bedside items.