Gapan [gɐˈpan], officially the City of Gapan (Filipino: Lungsod ng Gapan, Ilocano: Siudad ti Gapan, Kapampangan: Ciudad/Lakanbalen ning Gapan), is a 4th class component city in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 122,968 people.

Gapan is nicknamed the "Footwear Capital of the North" due to the thriving footwear making industry in the city.

Old records called the town Ibon. Gapan was founded by the Spanish curates and officials who, in their early occupation, exercised great influence over the people and the things they were doing. History places Gapan as one of the first towns of Pampanga founded sometime in the middle part of the sixteenth century. Records of the first Catholic mission to the far east indicated that in 1595, Fathers Contres Tendilla, Caballo and Salazar were responsible for clearing the forest which later became a pueblo. In this pueblo, a church, presedencia and residential houses made of bricks and lime were constructed, now the age-old landmarks of the city.

Its foundation in 1595 makes Gapan the oldest town in Nueva Ecija and one of the oldest in the Philippines. It was likewise a big pueblo embracing an area as far as Cabanatuan in the north, which was its barrio with the name Cabanatuan before it separated in 1750: the Sierra Madres in the East, San Miguel, Bulacan in the south and Candaba, Pampanga in the West. Gapan, along with Aliaga, Cabiao, San Antonio and San Isidro were transferred to the province of Nueva Ecija in 1848. Most of the original settlers in Gapan were Tagalogs from Bulacan and Morong (Rizal Province) and Kapampangans; other early settlers came from Ilocos and Tayabas (now Quezon Province). Gradually as the Spanish power waned and economic progress caught up in the area, the pueblo disintegrated into many pueblos until it remained to comprise only the towns of Peñaranda, General Tinio and San Leonardo (formerly called Manikling) all of Nueva Ecija province. In fact the Patron Saint Divina Pastora had its origin or residence in Barrio Callos, Peñaranda. In 1982, the Gapan massacre occurred after the Marcos-controlled military killed a family, including children, in the town.

By virtue of Republic Act No. 9022 and its ratification in a plebiscite subsequently held on August 25, 2001, Gapan was converted into a component city of Nueva Ecija. Ernesto L. Natividad became the first city mayor of Gapan.

Gapan is located in the southern part of the province. It is bounded to the north by Peñaranda and San Leonardo, to the east by the Gen. Tinio, to the south by San Miguel in neighboring Bulacan province, and to the west by San Isidro.

Gapan is 23 kilometers (14 mi) from Cabanatuan, 37 kilometers (23 mi) from Palayan, and 93 kilometers (58 mi) from Manila.

Gapan is politically subdivided into 23 barangays. Each barangay consist of puroks and some have sitios.

Population census of Gapan

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1903 11,278 —     1918 13,617 +1.26% 1939 23,324 +2.60% 1948 25,719 +1.09% 1960 32,514 +1.97%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1970 45,426 +3.40% 1975 50,506 +2.15% 1980 60,014 +3.51% 1990 70,489 +1.62% 1995 77,735 +1.85%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 2000 89,199 +2.99% 2007 98,795 +1.42% 2010 101,488 +0.98% 2015 110,303 +1.60% 2020 122,968 +2.16%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

Current major sources of income include farming, slipper making, fishponds, poultry and piggery, and commercial establishments.

The city of Gapan held tremendous promise not only in its natural resources but also in its potentials in agri-base industries and in footwear industries which help sustain its virtual role in agricultural and industrial production. Commercial and trade activities in the city are further accelerated by the influx of financing lending institution and new businesses.

Like its sister city, Cabanatuan, Gapan also houses major shopping hubs in the province. The two major Philippine mall chains, Walter Mart and Robinsons Malls, has already established its presence in the city. Currently, major shopping centers in the city include: Walter Mart Gapan; Robinsons Gapan, Primark Town Center Gapan, Puregold, RCS Gapan, NOVO Gapan, Sansu Mall, Wilcon Depot, AllHome Gapan, A&S Drugmart, STM Drugmart. Gapan has also several local grocery, department, and hardware stores.

Elected Officials of Gapan City
(2022–2025)

Position	Name
District Representative (4th Legislative District of the Province of Nueva Ecija)	Emerson D. Pascual
Chief Executive of the City of Gapan	Mayor Emary Joy D. Pascual
Presiding Officer of the City Council of Gapan	Vice Mayor Inocencio T. Bautista Jr.
Members of the City Council	Jeffrey D. Bautista
	Ronald Allan C. Yu
	Gemma C. Pangilinan
	Ryan T. Tecson
	Pedro G. delos Santos
	Jay Mark H. Mariano
	Amelia P. Hernandez
	Geraldo T. Matias
	Eliser R. Padiernos
	Danilo A. de Guzman

Gapan serves many bus companies operating provincial and regional routes. Jeepney operators serve routes within the province with some reaching as far to nearby towns in Nueva Ecija. Much of the city's population rely on public transportation such as tricycles and jeeps to get around the city.

Two main highways serve the city of Gapan: Maharlika Highway and Jose Abad Santos Avenue. Maharlika Highway (or Pan-Philippine Highway) is the main highway traversing the city where most vehicles going to Cagayan Valley pass through. It links Gapan to its nearby city of Cabanatuan and town of San Miguel in the province of Bulacan. It also allows travelers to reach towns of Sta. Rosa and San Leonardo. On the other hand, Jose Abad Santos Avenue is the highway that links Gapan to the towns of San Isidro and Cabiao, where the road continues straightforward, again turning westward then eastward, entering Pampanga, and passes through Pampanga River.

One proposed expressway will pass through Gapan if built: it would be the North Luzon East Expressway (Quezon City to Cabanatuan).

Attractions:

• Lumang Gapan or Little Vigan
• National Shrine of La Virgen Divina Pastora - The center of Marian pilgrimages during the months of April and May is the National Shrine of Virgen La Divina Pastora as declared by the Catholic Bishops Conference in 1986
• Gapan City Plaza
• Gapan City Ferris Wheel

• Good Samaritan General Hospital - a private hospital located at Don Simeon St, Gapan.
• Gapan District Hospital - a public hospital located at Divina Pastora Street, Divina Pastora Subdivision, Gapan.
• Dr. J.P. Cruz Cancer Clinic
• other clinics (dental, skin, etc.)

• Mariano Llanera, the Revolutionary General of the battle Cry of Nueva Ecija in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija.
• General Pantaleon Valmonte, the capitan municipal of Gapan who, together with General Mariano Llanera, capitan municipal of Cabiao, launched the "First Cry of Nueva Ecija" against the Spanish rule on September 2, 1896.
• Juan Liwag - former Senator of the Philippines
• Nida Blanca - award-winning actress
• Ryza Cenon - actress
• Eula Valdez - actress
• Joe Taruc - DZRH news anchor
• Frankie Evangelista Former TV Patrol News Anchor
• Coleen Perez - actress
• Daniel Figueroa - actor
• Deo Macalma - Radio and Television Anchor MBC and DZRH

• Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija
• Cabiao, Nueva Ecija

• 
  Lumang Gapan (Little Vigan)
• 
  Gapan City Plaza
• 
  City park
• 
  Dry Market and the Water District

• Gapan Official Website
• Philippine Standard Geographic Code
• Philippine Census Information
• Local Governance Performance Management System