Gloucester College, Oxford, was a Benedictine institution of the University of Oxford in Oxford, England, from the late 13th century until the dissolution of the monasteries in the 16th century. It was never a typical college of the University; in that there was an internal division in the college, by staircase units, into parts where the monasteries sending monks had effective authority. The overall head was a Prior, later changed to a Prior Studentium, and finally a Principal.

It later became Gloucester Hall, an academic hall and annexe of St John's College and was again refounded in 1714 as Worcester College by Sir Thomas Cookes.

The initial foundation was from 1283. John Giffard gave a house, in Stockwell Street, Oxford. There was early friction with the local Carmelites. This was a donation to the Benedictines of the province of Canterbury. Control of the 13 places for monks fell to the abbey of St. Peter, Gloucester. The first prior was Henry de Heliun.

Pope Benedict XII in 1337 laid down, in the bull Pastor bonus, that 5% of Benedictine monks should be university students. The bull also led to the title of Prior being changed to Prior Studentium, elected by the students themselves. But from the middle of the fourteenth century onwards there was an alternative, at the University of Cambridge. There were also the Benedictine Durham College, Oxford, and Canterbury College, Oxford. Even though the catchment area after 1337 included the Province of York, numbers of students were never high, one reason being the cost of living in Oxford (which the home monastery had to meet). After the Black Death, Gloucester College was closed for a time. In 1537 it was found to have 32 students.

At the Dissolution the property passed to the English Crown, then to the Bishop of Oxford in 1542, who sold it to Sir Thomas White. White was the founder of St John's College, Oxford, and Gloucester Hall, as it then became, was treated as an Annexe to St John's College.

The penultimate Principal of Gloucester Hall, Benjamin Woodroffe, established a "Greek College" for Greek Orthodox students to come to Oxford, part of a scheme to make ecumenical links with the Church of England. This was active from 1699 to 1705, although only 15 Greeks are recorded as members.

The status of Gloucester Hall changed in the 18th century, when it was refounded in 1714 by Sir Thomas Cookes as Worcester College, Oxford. Oxford's Gloucester Green, which was opposite the old College, and the Gloucester House building within the current college preserve the name.

Prior

• fl. 1283–1292 Henry de Heliun/Helm
• 1302 William de Camme
• 1356 Walter de Cham

Prior Studentium

• 1366 Adam Easton
• 1376 –1377 Everard
• 1381 John Welles
• 1389 Simon Suthereye
• 1393 William Barwe
• 1401–1407 John Fordham (resigned c. 1410)
• c. 1414–1417John Wethamstede
• c. 1417–1423 Thomas Ledbury
• c. 1425–1426 Edmund Kirton
• fl. 1429–1431 John Bevere
• c. 1439–1442 Thomas Knyght (alleged)
• 1446 William Wroughton
• 1451 Magister Tully
• 1452 Richard Ryngstede
• 1492 John Kyllyngworth
• 1502 Dr. Stanywell
• c. 1512 John Wynchecombe
• 1522 Thomas Barton
• 1522–1528 John Newbolde
• fl. 1526–1529 Anthony Dunston/Kitchin
• c. 1530 Humphrey Webley
• 1534–1535 Andrew Alton
• 1537 Robert Joseph
• 1538 Thomas Wellys

Principal

• 1560–1561 William Stocke
• 1561–1563 Richard Eden
• 1563–1564 Thomas Palmer
• 1564–1576 William Stocke
• 1576–1580 Henry Russell
• 1580–1581 Christopher Bagshawe
• 1581–1593 John De la Bere
• 1587-1588 Philip Randall
• 1593–1626 John Hawley
• 1626–1647 Degory Wheare
• 1647–1647 John Maplett
• 1647–1660 Tobias Garbrand
• 1660–1662 John Maplett
• 1662–1692 Byrom Eaton
• 1692–1711 Benjamin Woodroffe
• 1711–1714 Richard Blechynden

Those who studied at the college and hall include:

• Henry Bradshaw
• Adam Easton
• John Feckenham
• John Lydgate (supposed)
• Richard of Wallingford

• Robert Catesby
• Kenelm Digby
• Richard Lovelace
• Thomas Coryate
• Edward Kelley