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  • 21 Aug, 2019

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Gogo Formation
The Gogo Formation in the Kimberley region of Western Australia is a Lagerstätte that exhibits exceptional preservation of a Devonian reef community. The formation is named after Gogo Station, a cattle station where outcrops appear and fossils are often collected from, as is nearby Fossil Downs Station.

History

The reef, which now stands up abruptly in the western Australian desert (as the Windjana Limestone), was first identified in 1940 by paleontologist Curt Teichert, who discovered the first fossil fish from the region.

Sedimentology

Unweathered sections of the Gogo Formation are made of siltstone, shale and calcarenite with numerous limestone concretions. These concretions are resistant to weathering, producing extensive nodule fields on the ground in areas where the surrounding rock has eroded away.

The Gogo sediments represent deep, hypoxic seafloor deposits in the vicinity of a large tropical reef composed primarily of algae and stromatoporoids during the Frasnian faunal stage of the Late Devonian. Associated stratigraphic units which comprise this ancient reef system are the Windjana Formation (the actual reef structures), Pillara Limestone (reef platform) and the Sadler Formation (fore-reef deposits).

Deposition

The formation was deposited in the Frasnian (late Devonian).

Fossil preservation

The fossils of the Gogo Formation display three-dimensional soft-tissue preservation of tissues as fragile as nerves and embryos with umbilical cords. Over fifty species of fish have been described from the formation, and arthropods, including phyllocarids and eurypterids are similarly well-preserved. Nautiloids, goniatites and tentaculids are also known from the formation, but their soft tissue is not preserved.

The calcareous concretions formed around objects from the shallow reef areas which sank into the deep anoxic basins. The concretions sometimes contain the remains of fish, whose bodies are often preserved complete in three-dimensions due to rapid encasement and the slow rate of decay in the oxygen-poor surroundings. By repeated baths in a dilute acid solution, the matrix is dissolved away via a process of acid etching to reveal delicate fish fossils, some retaining impressions of soft tissues.

The discovery of Materpiscis, a placoderm preserved with an embryonic juvenile still attached by its umbilical cord, has revealed that at least some placoderms gave birth to live young.

Fossil content

Placodermi

Genus Species Notes Images
Austroptyctodus A. gardinieri
Bothriolepis Indeterminate
Bruntonichthys B. multidens
Bullerichthys B. fascidens
Campbellodus C. decipiens
Camuropiscis C. concinnus
C. laidlawi
Compagopiscis C. croucheri
Eastmanosteus E. calliaspis
Fallacosteus F. turneri
Harrytoombsia H. elegans
Holonema H. westolli
Incisoscutum I. ritchei
I. sarahae
Kendrickichthys K. cavernosus
Kimberleyichthys K. bispicatus
K. whybrowi
Materpiscis M. attenboroughi
Latocamurus L. coulthardi
Mcnamaraspis M. kaprios
Pinguosteus P. thulborni
Rolfosteus R. canningensis
Simosteus S. tuberculatus
Torosteus T. tuberculatus
T. pulchellus
Tubonasus T. lennardensis

Actinopterygii

Genus Species Notes Images
Gogosardina G. coatesi
Mimipiscis M. toombsi
Moythomasia M. durgaringa
M. lineata

Chondrichthyes

Genus Species Notes Images
Gogoselachus G. lynbeazleyae

Acanthodians

Genus Species Notes
Halimacanthodes H. ahlbergi

Sarcopterygii

Genus Species Notes Images
Adololopas A. moyasmithae
Chirodipterus C. australis
Ngamugawi N. wirngarri Originally considered as Diplocercides.
Gogodipterus G. paddyensis
Gogonasus G. andrewsae
Griphognathus G. whitei
Holodipterus "H" (Holodipteroides) elderae
H. gogoensis
H. meemanae
Onychodus O. jandemarrai
Pillararhynchus P. longi
Rhinodipterus R. kimberleyensis
Robinsondipterus R. longi
Xeradipterus X. hatcheri

Conodonta

Genus Species Notes
Polygnathus P. varca
P. normalis
P. asymmetrica asymmetrica
P. asymmetrica ovalis
Playfordia P. primitiva
Gnamptognathus G.? lipperti
G.? cf. G.? lipperti
Ancyrodella A. rotundiloba alata
A. rotundiloba rotundiloba
Icirodus I. symmetricus
Roundya A. aurita

Ammonoidea

Genus Species Notes
Timanites T. angustus
Tornoceras T. (T.) simplex

Arthropoda

Genus Species Notes Images
Montecaris M. gogoensis Phyllocarid arthropod, reaching length up to 60 centimetres (24 in).
M. sp. indet.
Schugurocaris S. wami Phyllocarid arthropod.
S. sp. indet.
Dithyrocaris D. sp. indet.
Concavicaris C. campi Thylacocephalan arthropod.
C. glenisteri
C. milesi
C. playfordi
C. sp.
Harrycaris H. whittingtoni
Adelophthalmus A. waterstoni An eurypterid. Originally described as a species of Rhenopterus.
Undescribed eurypterid
'Mushia' Common fossil from Gogo Formation, undescribed arthropod with unknown affinity.
Chemical analysis shows that is likely to be a crustacean.


References

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  8. ^ "Aussie fish fossil gives birth to history" Accessed 29 May 2008.
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  21. ^ Long, J. A. (1988). "A new camuropiscid arthrodire (Pisces: Placodermi) from Gogo, Western Australia". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 94 (3): 233–258. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1988.tb01194.x.
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  25. ^ Choo, Brian (2012). "Revision of the actinopterygian genus Mimipiscis (=Mimia) from the Upper Devonian Gogo Formation of Western Australia and the interrelationships of the early Actinopterygii". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 102 (2): 77–104. Bibcode:2012EESTR.102...77C. doi:10.1017/s1755691011011029. hdl:1885/59192. S2CID 129324004. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
  26. ^ Long, John A.; Burrow, Carole J.; Ginter, Michal; Maisey, John G.; Trinajstic, Kate M.; Coates, Michael I.; Young, Gavin C.; Senden, Tim J. (28 May 2015). "First Shark from the Late Devonian (Frasnian) Gogo Formation, Western Australia Sheds New Light on the Development of Tessellated Calcified Cartilage". PLOS ONE. 10 (5): e0126066. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1026066L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126066. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4447464. PMID 26020788.
  27. ^ Burrow, Carole J.; Trinajstic, Kate; Long, John (1 August 2012). "First acanthodian from the Upper Devonian (Frasnian) Gogo Formation, Western Australia". Historical Biology. 24 (4): 349–357. Bibcode:2012HBio...24..349B. doi:10.1080/08912963.2012.660150. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 128481092.
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  29. ^ LONG, J.A. & TRINAJSTIC, K. 2010. The Late Devonian Gogo Formation Lagerstatte –Exceptional preservation and Diversity in early Vertebrates. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 38: 665-680
  30. ^ Clement, Alice M.; Cloutier, Richard; Lee, Michael S. Y.; King, Benedict; Vanhaesebroucke, Olivia; Bradshaw, Corey J. A.; Dutel, Hugo; Trinajstic, Kate; Long, John A. (12 September 2024). "A Late Devonian coelacanth reconfigures actinistian phylogeny, disparity, and evolutionary dynamics". Nature Communications. 15 (1): 7529. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-51238-4. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 11392942.
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  36. ^ Alice M. Clement & John A. Long (2010). "Xeradipterus hatcheri, a new dipnoan from the Late Devonian (Frasnian) Gogo Formation, Western Australia, and other new holodontid material". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (3): 681–695. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..681C. doi:10.1080/02724631003763482. S2CID 83739846.
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  40. ^ Bicknell, Russell D. C.; Smith, Patrick M.; Poschmann, Markus (1 October 2020). "Re-evaluating evidence of Australian eurypterids". Gondwana Research. 86: 164–181. Bibcode:2020GondR..86..164B. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2020.06.002. ISSN 1342-937X. S2CID 225748023.
  41. ^ Trinajstic, Kate; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Long, John A. (23 November 2021). "The Gogo Formation Lagerstätte: a view of Australia's first great barrier reef". Journal of the Geological Society. 179 (1). doi:10.1144/jgs2021-105. ISSN 0016-7649. S2CID 243284735.
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