The Letaba River (Afrikaans: Letabarivier), also known as Leţaba, Lehlaba or Ritavi, is a river located in eastern Limpopo Province, South Africa. It is one of the most important tributaries of the Olifants River.

It starts at the confluence of the Groot Letaba River and Klein Letaba River, whence they continue their journey eastwards through the Lowveld as the Letaba River. It joins the Olifants River in the foothills of the Lebombo Mountains, near South Africa's border with Mozambique. In Mozambique, the latter river is called the Rio Elefantes.

Tributaries include the Middle Letaba River, Nharhweni River, Ngwenyeni River, Nwanedzi River, Molototsi River, Nsama River, and Makhadzi River.

• Ebenezer Dam
• Tzaneen Dam
• Modjaji Dam, in the Molototsi River
• Hudson Ntsanwisi Dam, in the Nsama River
• Middle Letaba Dam, in the Middle Letaba River
• Engelhard Dam

• Luvubu and Letaba Water Management Area