Hale County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,785. Its county seat is Greensboro. It is named in honor of Confederate officer Stephen Fowler Hale.

Hale County is part of the Tuscaloosa, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Hale County was established following the end of the American Civil War, on January 30, 1867. Located in the west-central section of the state, it was created from portions of Greene, Marengo, Perry, and Tuscaloosa counties. The vast majority of the territory came from Greene County. The first American settlers in this area had been southerners migrating from Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, and the Carolinas.

Hale County is connected to three major twentieth-century artists: Walker Evans photographed the area in 1936 while he collaborated with James Agee on the 1941 book Let Us Now Praise Famous Men. Since the 1960s, artist William Christenberry, born in Tuscaloosa, has been photographing various structures in Hale County as part of his multi-media artistic investigations. More recently, Hale County has become the home of the nationally recognized Auburn University Rural Studio, an architectural outreach program founded by architect and artist Samuel Mockbee and D. K. Ruth. It is also the birthplace of Eugene Sawyer, the second African American mayor of Chicago. In 2019 the film Hale County This Morning, This Evening by artist RaMell Ross was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, poetically addressing the region's shift in demographics and the power of intra-community authorship.

Since the American Civil War, whites have controlled much of the economic and political power in Hale County, enforced early by violence and later by the decades of disenfranchisement of black voters and statewide imposition of Jim Crow. In the first half of the 20th century, many African Americans left the county in two waves of migration to cities and northern and western industrial centers. Beginning in the late 1960s, they recovered the ability to vote.

In 1997, after a highly contested mayoral election, the city of Greensboro elected its first black mayor, John E. Owens Jr. Claude Hamilton, the first African-American chief of police, was appointed in 2000. In 2006, black and white county residents joined in electing the first black county sheriff, Kenneth W. Ellis, who was formerly the Moundville police chief.

Hale County has suffered economic decline, particularly in the southern more rural end of the county. Many manufacturing plants closed during late 20th century restructuring, and population and businesses declined with the loss of jobs, especially in and around Greensboro (the county seat). The northern portion of the county, however, has enjoyed population and industrial growth due to its proximity to Tuscaloosa County. The latter has been a growing center of industry and new businesses, anchored by the University of Alabama and its large student body and resources.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 657 square miles (1,700 km), of which 644 square miles (1,670 km) is land and 13 square miles (34 km) (1.9%) is water.

• Tuscaloosa County (north)
• Bibb County (northeast)
• Perry County (southeast)
• Marengo County (south)
• Greene County (west)

• Talladega National Forest (part)

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1870	21,792		—
1880	26,553		21.8%
1890	27,501		3.6%
1900	31,011		12.8%
1910	27,883		−10.1%
1920	24,289		−12.9%
1930	26,265		8.1%
1940	25,533		−2.8%
1950	20,832		−18.4%
1960	19,537		−6.2%
1970	15,888		−18.7%
1980	15,604		−1.8%
1990	15,498		−0.7%
2000	17,185		10.9%
2010	15,760		−8.3%
2020	14,785		−6.2%
2022 (est.)	14,888		0.7%
U.S. Decennial Census 1790–1960 1900–1990 1990–2000 2010–2020

Hale County, Alabama – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.

Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)	Pop 2000	Pop 2010	Pop 2020	% 2000	% 2010	% 2020
White alone (NH)	6,803	6,213	5,792	39.59%	39.42%	40.39%
Black or African American alone (NH)	10,074	9,265	8,313	58.62%	58.79%	56.23%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)	30	23	34	0.17%	0.15%	0.23%
Asian alone (NH)	25	35	18	0.15%	0.22%	0.12%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)	4	1	5	0.02%	0.01%	0.03%
Other race alone (NH)	11	7	23	0.06%	0.04%	0.16%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)	81	76	271	0.47%	0.48%	1.83%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	157	140	149	0.91%	0.89%	1.01%
Total	17,185	15,760	14,785	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 14,785 people, 5,650 households, and 3,611 families residing in the county.

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 15,760 people living in the county. 59.0% were Black or African American, 39.8% White, 0.2% Asian, 0.2% Native American, 0.3% of some other race and 0.6% of two or more races. 0.9% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).

As of the census of 2000, there were 17,185 people, 6,415 households, and 4,605 families living in the county. The population density was 27 people per square mile (10 people/km). There were 7,756 housing units at an average density of 12 units per square mile (4.6 units/km). The racial makeup of the county was 39.83% White, 58.95% Black or African American, 0.17% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.29% from other races, and 0.58% from two or more races. 0.91% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 6,415 households, out of which 36.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.60% were married couples living together, 22.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.20% were non-families. 26.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 29.60% under the age of 18, 9.10% from 18 to 24, 26.70% from 25 to 44, 21.10% from 45 to 64, and 13.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.60 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $25,807, and the median income for a family was $31,875. Males had a median income of $28,493 versus $19,363 for females. The per capita income for the county was $12,661. About 22.20% of families and 26.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.00% of those under age 18 and 26.70% of those age 65 or over.

The Farquhar Cattle Ranch, a former Alabama Department of Corrections facility for men, was in an unincorporated area of the county, about 8 miles (13 km) east of Greensboro.

Hale County is reliably Democratic at the presidential level. The last Republican to win the county in a presidential election is Richard Nixon, who won it by a majority in 1972.

United States presidential election results for Hale County, Alabama

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2024	3,369	46.12%	3,868	52.95%	68	0.93%
2020	3,192	40.41%	4,663	59.03%	45	0.57%
2016	3,173	39.47%	4,775	59.39%	92	1.14%
2012	3,210	37.12%	5,411	62.58%	26	0.30%
2008	3,200	38.96%	4,982	60.65%	32	0.39%
2004	3,281	41.30%	4,631	58.29%	33	0.42%
2000	2,984	38.60%	4,652	60.17%	95	1.23%
1996	1,893	34.59%	3,372	61.61%	208	3.80%
1992	2,001	33.22%	3,481	57.80%	541	8.98%
1988	2,414	42.71%	3,187	56.39%	51	0.90%
1984	2,691	44.44%	3,289	54.31%	76	1.25%
1980	2,074	34.69%	3,583	59.93%	322	5.39%
1976	2,034	37.71%	3,236	59.99%	124	2.30%
1972	2,859	59.22%	1,779	36.85%	190	3.94%
1968	266	5.06%	2,003	38.08%	2,991	56.86%
1964	1,898	77.60%	0	0.00%	548	22.40%
1960	741	35.97%	1,309	63.54%	10	0.49%
1956	504	26.29%	1,314	68.54%	99	5.16%
1952	758	38.44%	1,210	61.36%	4	0.20%
1948	43	3.96%	0	0.00%	1,044	96.04%
1944	33	2.54%	1,265	97.46%	0	0.00%
1940	32	1.86%	1,691	98.14%	0	0.00%
1936	20	1.21%	1,626	98.31%	8	0.48%
1932	70	5.19%	1,275	94.58%	3	0.22%
1928	403	27.77%	1,048	72.23%	0	0.00%
1924	23	2.60%	856	96.72%	6	0.68%
1920	18	1.85%	953	97.74%	4	0.41%
1916	15	1.85%	795	97.79%	3	0.37%
1912	4	0.55%	720	98.50%	7	0.96%
1908	13	1.78%	714	97.81%	3	0.41%
1904	27	3.59%	723	96.02%	3	0.40%

• U.S. Highway 80
• State Route 14
• State Route 25
• State Route 60
• State Route 61
• State Route 69

• Greensboro Municipal Airport (7A0) in Greensboro
• Moundville Airport (L44) in Moundville

Greensboro, the county seat, is home to the Safe House Black History Museum. On March 21, 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. attended a meeting at Greensboro's St. Matthew Church, and then spent the night in this house where he sought refuge from the Ku Klux Klan. The museum reveals the struggle for equality for African Americans in Alabama, and its founder, Theresa Burroughs, was both a family friend of King, and a foot soldier in the Civil Rights Movement. Historically William Burns Paterson had set up Tullibody Academy for African Americans in Greensboro.

Greensboro is also home to a large number of antebellum-era houses and churches, including some that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places such as Glencairn and Magnolia Grove.

All residents in the county are in the Hale County School District.

• Greensboro (county seat)

• Akron
• Moundville (partly in Tuscaloosa County)
• Newbern

• Darrah
• Gallion
• Havana
• Lock Five
• Prairieville
• Sawyerville
• Stewart
• Wedgeworth

• Arcola
• Erie
• Freetown

• William Christenberry (1936–2016), artist and photographer, born in Hale County

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Hale County, Alabama
• Properties on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in Hale County, Alabama
• Hale County This Morning, This Evening—2018 documentary film about the black community in Hale County

• Moundville Archaeological Park, Hale County, AL
• William Christenberry: Place, Time, and Memory Southern Spaces September 28, 2007
• Official website of Hale County

32°45′39″N 87°37′47″W / 32.76083°N 87.62972°W / 32.76083; -87.62972