Herkimer County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 60,139. Its county seat is Herkimer. The county was created in 1791 north of the Mohawk River out of part of Montgomery County. It is named after General Nicholas Herkimer, who died from battle wounds in 1777 after taking part in the Battle of Oriskany during the Revolutionary War. The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state.

Herkimer County is part of the Utica–Rome Metropolitan Statistical Area.

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In 1791, Herkimer County was created as one of three counties split off from Montgomery (the other two being Otsego and Tioga counties) as New York State was developed after the American Revolutionary War. Its area was much larger than the present county, however, and was reduced subsequently as more counties were organized.

Part of Herkimer County was included in the Macomb's Purchase of 1791, during the wide-scale sale of public lands after the state forced Iroquois tribes allied with the British during the war to cede their territory. Suddenly the state was selling 5 million acres (20,000 km) of land in upstate, central and western New York.

In 1794, Onondaga County was split off from Herkimer County. This county was larger than the current Onondaga County, and included the present Cayuga, Cortland, and part of Oswego counties.

In 1798, portions of Herkimer and Tioga counties were taken to form Chenango County.

Another part of Herkimer was split off to form Oneida County. It was then larger than the current Oneida County, including the present Jefferson, Lewis, and part of Oswego counties.

In 1802, parts of Herkimer, Clinton and Montgomery counties were combined to form the new St. Lawrence County.

The rural economy was first based on general agriculture and then wheat, but after the opening of the Erie Canal, Herkimer farmers found that they could not compete with grain farmers to the west. By the mid-19th century, they had begun to specialize in dairy farming and created a cheese industry that supplied the New York City market, among others.

During the American Civil War, Herkimer contributed five companies to the 34th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, leading to the unit's nickname "The Herkimer Regiment".

The Herkimer County Jail, constructed in 1834, was used to hold the murderer Chester Gillette before his trial at the Herkimer County Courthouse. The jail is now disused, except for tours by the Herkimer County Historical Society.

The Herkimer County shootings took place in 2013, killing five people.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,458 square miles (3,780 km), of which 1,411 square miles (3,650 km) is land and 46 square miles (120 km) (3.2%) is water.

• St. Lawrence County - north
• Hamilton County - northeast
• Fulton County - east
• Montgomery County - southeast
• Otsego County - south
• Oneida County - west
• Lewis County - northwest

Herkimer County is in central New York State, northwest of Albany, and east of Syracuse. The northern part of the county is in the Adirondack Park. The Mohawk River flows across the southern part of the county. Herkimer County is larger than the State of Rhode Island

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1800	14,479		—
1810	22,046		52.3%
1820	31,017		40.7%
1830	35,870		15.6%
1840	37,477		4.5%
1850	38,244		2.0%
1860	40,561		6.1%
1870	39,929		−1.6%
1880	42,669		6.9%
1890	45,608		6.9%
1900	51,049		11.9%
1910	56,356		10.4%
1920	64,962		15.3%
1930	64,006		−1.5%
1940	59,527		−7.0%
1950	61,407		3.2%
1960	66,370		8.1%
1970	67,633		1.9%
1980	66,714		−1.4%
1990	65,797		−1.4%
2000	64,427		−2.1%
2010	64,519		0.1%
2020	60,139		−6.8%
U.S. Decennial Census 1790–1960 1900–1990 1990–2000 2010–2020

Herkimer County Racial Composition

Race	Num.	Perc.
White (NH)	54,653	90.1%
Black or African American (NH)	682	1.13%
Native American (NH)	76	0.12%
Asian (NH)	359	0.6%
Pacific Islander (NH)	32	0.05%
Other/Mixed (NH)	2,807	4.7%
Hispanic or Latino	1,530	2.54%

As of the census of 2000, there were 64,427 people, 25,734 households, and 17,113 families residing in the county. The population density was 46 inhabitants per square mile (18/km). There were 32,026 housing units at an average density of 23 units per square mile (8.9/km). The racial makeup of the county was 97.83% White, 0.51% Black or African American, 0.22% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.18% from other races, and 0.84% from two or more races. 0.90% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 20.6% were of Italian, 16.3% German, 13.9% Irish, 9.3% English, 7.7% Polish, 6.2% American and 5.2% French ancestry according to Census 2000. 95.2% spoke English, 1.2% Spanish and 1.1% Italian as their first language.

There were 25,734 households, out of which 30.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.20% were married couples living together, 10.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.50% were non-families. 27.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.40% under the age of 18, 8.30% from 18 to 24, 26.60% from 25 to 44, 24.00% from 45 to 64, and 16.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 94.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.70 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $32,924, and the median income for a family was $40,570. Males had a median income of $29,908 versus $21,518 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,141. About 8.90% of families and 12.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.60% of those under age 18 and 10.40% of those age 65 or over.

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United States presidential election results for Herkimer County, New York

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	18,871	64.36%	9,939	33.90%	512	1.75%
2016	16,699	63.60%	8,083	30.79%	1,473	5.61%
2012	13,282	53.04%	11,273	45.02%	485	1.94%
2008	14,619	53.78%	12,094	44.49%	471	1.73%
2004	16,024	56.60%	11,675	41.24%	611	2.16%
2000	14,147	51.06%	12,224	44.12%	1,334	4.82%
1996	10,085	37.88%	11,910	44.73%	4,631	17.39%
1992	12,052	40.26%	10,880	36.34%	7,007	23.40%
1988	15,104	53.90%	12,694	45.30%	224	0.80%
1984	18,827	64.35%	10,346	35.36%	85	0.29%
1980	14,105	50.58%	11,497	41.23%	2,286	8.20%
1976	15,362	54.14%	12,875	45.37%	140	0.49%
1972	20,194	67.84%	9,487	31.87%	86	0.29%
1968	15,192	54.91%	10,940	39.54%	1,533	5.54%
1964	10,159	33.51%	20,136	66.42%	22	0.07%
1960	17,758	54.19%	14,977	45.71%	33	0.10%
1956	22,246	71.68%	8,789	28.32%	0	0.00%
1952	20,980	64.26%	11,599	35.53%	70	0.21%
1948	14,688	51.83%	12,577	44.38%	1,073	3.79%
1944	15,656	55.75%	12,381	44.08%	48	0.17%
1940	17,590	57.38%	13,013	42.45%	54	0.18%
1936	15,941	54.73%	12,847	44.10%	341	1.17%
1932	15,158	56.58%	11,194	41.78%	438	1.63%
1928	18,624	62.69%	10,654	35.86%	431	1.45%
1924	15,625	66.31%	6,464	27.43%	1,474	6.26%
1920	14,310	65.27%	6,507	29.68%	1,107	5.05%
1916	7,934	54.42%	6,271	43.01%	375	2.57%
1912	4,665	34.35%	5,122	37.72%	3,793	27.93%
1908	8,202	55.88%	5,918	40.32%	559	3.81%
1904	8,319	56.80%	5,827	39.79%	499	3.41%
1900	8,100	57.77%	5,401	38.52%	521	3.72%
1896	8,096	59.77%	5,027	37.11%	422	3.12%
1892	6,219	49.94%	5,526	44.37%	709	5.69%
1888	6,683	52.87%	5,611	44.39%	346	2.74%
1884	6,138	51.79%	5,329	44.97%	384	3.24%

Herkimer County is one of the most Republican counties in New York. Since 1884, it has voted for a Democratic presidential candidate only three times, with vote splitting due to a third-party candidate playing a role in two of those races. Since 2022, the entire county is within New York's 21st congressional district, presently held by Republican Elise Stefanik.

The Herkimer County Legislature consists of 17 members, each elected from single-member districts. As of 2023 the county legislature is almost entirely Republican: the single Democratic legislator also ran on the Conservative Party line.

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Herkimer County is known for producing unusually clear, doubly terminated quartz crystals, marketed as Herkimer diamonds.

Ilion in Herkimer County has one of two production sites of the Remington Arms Company, where many of the company's firearms are produced.

Herkimer County Community College is located in the Village of Herkimer.

School districts include:

The following public use airport is located in the county:

• Frankfort-Highland Airport (6B4) – Frankfort

Passenger rail service by Amtrak is available at Utica, nearby to the west of the county. Up to the latter 1950s, New York Central Railroad trains such as the North Shore Limited (New York-Chicago) made stops at Little Falls. Until 1965, the New York Central operated passenger trains through Thendara in the upper part of the county.

Interstate 90, as part of the New York State Thruway, runs east–west through the lower part of the county, as does New York State Route 5. State Route 28 runs north–south through the county.

#	Location	Population	Type	Area
1	Ilion	8,053	Village	Canalside
2	†Herkimer	7,743	Village	Canalside
3	Little Falls	4,946	City	Canalside
4	Mohawk	2,731	Village	Canalside
5	Frankfort	2,598	Village	Canalside
6	‡Dolgeville	2,206	Village	Center
7	West Winfield	826	Village	South
8	Old Forge	756	CDP	Adirondack Park
9	Middleville	512	Village	Center
10	Poland	508	Village	Center
11	Cold Brook	329	Village	Center
-	Eagle Bay	N/A	CDP	Adirondack Park
-	East Frankfort	N/A	CDP	Canalside
-	East Herkimer	N/A	CDP	Canalside
-	Salisbury Center	N/A	CDP	Center
-	South Ilion	N/A	CDP	Canalside
-	Thendara	N/A	CDP	Adirondack Park

• Beaver River
• Jordanville
• Newville

• List of counties in New York
• List of New York State Historic Markers in Herkimer County, New York
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Herkimer County, New York

• Benton, Nathaniel Soley (1856). A History of Herkimer County, Including the Upper Mohawk Valley, from the Earliest Period to the Present Time. Albany, New York: J. Munsell. OCLC 11081494.
• Sullivan, James; Williams, Melvin E.; Conklin, Edwin P.; Fitzpatrick, Benedict, eds. (1927), "Chapter II. Herkimer County.", History of New York State, 1523–1927 (PDF), vol. 2, New York City, Chicago: Lewis Historical Publishing Co., p. 709-14, hdl:2027/mdp.39015019994048, Wikidata Q114149636

• Herkimer County official website
• President Benjamin Harrison's Summer home
• Herkimer County history pages Archived May 30, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
• Herkimer County Historical Society website

43°25′N 74°58′W / 43.41°N 74.96°W / 43.41; -74.96