Hessian Barracks, formerly known as Frederick Barracks, is an historic barracks building located in Frederick, Maryland. The State of Maryland contracted to build a barracks in the summer of 1777, but it was not completed until 1781. There were two L-shaped buildings built on the site, but one was demolished in 1871. The building is a two-story stone structure with gallery porches and a gable roof. Hessian Barracks was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

During the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), the buildings and grounds were used to house British and German prisoners of war. The barracks were put to a variety of uses during the 19th century including a state armory, silkworm production site, and military hospital after the nearby Battle of South Mountain and subsequent Battle of Antietam in September 1862. The parade field served as the Agricultural Fairgrounds from 1853 to 1860. In 1867, it was chosen as the site for the Maryland Institution for the Deaf and Dumb (present-day Maryland School for the Deaf). The western barracks building was demolished in 1871 for the construction of a new Victorian style large central school building, which in turn was razed in the late 1960s, and replaced by individual brick cottages.

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Frederick County, Maryland

• "From The Front Lines to the Hospital". National Park Service. A Most Horrid Picture. August 14, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
• "Hessian Barracks". Daughters of the American Revolution. National Society Daughters of the American Revolution. December 20, 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
• Sachs, Rob. "Hessian Barracks in Maryland". The Big Pond (Podcast). Goethe-Institut. Event occurs at 19:26. Retrieved August 29, 2021.

• Media related to Hessian Barracks at Wikimedia Commons
• Hessian Barracks at Historical Marker Database
• Hessian Barracks at Maryland Historical Trust
• Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) No. MD-492, "Revolutionary Barracks, 242 South Market Street, Frederick, Frederick County, MD"