Israel–United Arab Emirates Relations
In a significant warming of official Israeli-UAE relations, Israel and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) formally agreed in August 2020 to "normalise" relations in a United States-brokered deal that also requires Israel to halt its plan to annex parts of the West Bank, including the Jordan Valley. A joint statement issued by the UAE, Israel and the United States said that the three countries had "agreed to the full normalization of relations between Israel and the United Arab Emirates". The signing ceremony was held on 15 September 2020.
Turkey and Iran both criticised the agreement. On 16 August 2020, the UAE for the first time established telephone links to Israel by unblocking direct dialling to Israel's +972 country code. The first direct commercial flight from Israel to the UAE was an El Al flight on 31 August 2020.
On 24 January 2021, the official Israeli embassy in the UAE was opened with Eitan Na'eh serving as an acting ambassador/Chargé d'affaires.
On 30 May 2021, the embassy of the United Arab Emirates officially opened in Tel Aviv, with Mohamed Al Khaja serving as the first ambassador of the UAE to Israel.
History
The first president of the UAE after the UAE became an independent country in 1971, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, referred to Israel as "the enemy" of the Arab countries.
After the assassination of Mahmoud al-Mabhouh in Dubai on 19 January 2010, the UAE called, via Interpol, for the arrest of Meir Dagan, director of Israel's Mossad. Israel has neither denied nor confirmed any involvement. Dubai's Chief of police, Dhahi Khalfan Tamim, stated that all travelers suspected of being Israeli will not be allowed into the country, even if they arrived on foreign passports. After the incident, according to US and Arab officials, the UAE later proposed repairing its covert relationship with Israel through a deal where Israel would provide armed drones to them, but this was rejected by Israel due to concern that it would antagonize the United States.
Relations between the two countries improved since then.
Iran policy
After the inauguration of US President Barack Obama in 2009, the Israeli and UAE ambassadors to the United States jointly urged the incoming administration's Middle East adviser to adopt a tougher line on Iran. Obama lifted sanctions on Iran after signing the JCPOA.
In September 2012, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu met with UAE Foreign Minister Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan in New York City. Although they agreed on the threat of Iran, the UAE refused to publicly improve relations without progress in the Israel-Palestine peace process. In 2015, the Israeli Ambassador to the United States, Ron Dermer, briefed his UAE counterpart Yousef Al Otaiba on Israel's opposition to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action and urged the UAE to take a more active role in opposing the deal.
Close to the end of Obama's presidency, U.S. intelligence agencies became aware of a phone communication between the two countries' officials, including between Netanyahu and a senior UAE leader, and a meeting between Netanyahu and UAE leadership in Cyprus, which was focused on cooperation against Iran. After the election of Donald Trump as U.S. president, both Israel and the UAE lobbied for a rapprochement between the United States and Russia to contain Iranian influence in Syria.
In July 2017, the UAE mediated a meeting between Israeli intelligence and Khalifa Haftar, the head of the Libyan National Army, which is supported by the UAE in the Second Libyan Civil War, to negotiate Israeli military aid to Haftar's forces.
In March 2018, Netanyahu met with Otaiba and the Bahraini ambassador to the United States at a restaurant in Washington, D.C., where the issue of Iran was discussed.
On 10 October 2018, Dermer and Otaiba shared a table at the annual dinner of the Jewish Institute for National Security of America, where they were seen talking to one another.
Israeli visits to the UAE
On 16 January 2010, Israel's Minister of National Infrastructure Uzi Landau attended a renewable energy conference in Abu Dhabi. He was the first Israeli minister to visit Abu Dhabi.
In January 2016, Israel's Energy Minister visited the UAE at the site of International Renewable Energy Agency headquarters in Abu Dhabi.
In September 2018, the UAE hosted secret talks in Abu Dhabi between Israeli and Turkish officials to discuss restoring relations between those two countries.
In April 2019, Israel announced that it has been invited to take part at Dubai's Expo 2020 innovation fair.
On 13 December 2021, Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett visited the UAE and met with Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi. This marked the first time leaders from both countries met with each other. The meeting, which included a shared lunch, went two hours longer than originally expected. Bennet stated that the meeting was about "the region, our economy and technology."
2020 Abraham Accord
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Isaac_Herzog_visit_to_Egypt%2C_November_2022_%28HZ0_UA2%29.jpeg/220px-Isaac_Herzog_visit_to_Egypt%2C_November_2022_%28HZ0_UA2%29.jpeg)
On 13 August 2020, Israel and the UAE signed an agreement mediated by U.S. President Donald Trump. Under the deal, Israel and the UAE will establish full diplomatic relations, with the UAE becoming the third Arab state, besides Egypt and Jordan, to fully recognize Israel. As part of the deal, Israel agreed to suspend plans for the annexation of the Jordan Valley. Director of the Mossad, Yossi Cohen, secretly visited UAE several times for over a year to broker the Abraham Accord.
The agreement was made official with a signing ceremony on 15 September 2020 at the White House in Washington, D.C. The UAE's ambassador to the US and close adviser to Mohammed bin Zayed, Yousef Al Otaiba, was one of the main negotiators of the peace deal. Al Otaiba was one of the well-connected and powerful advocates in the US who was in contact with Jared Kushner, who was leading the peace deal negotiations. In August 2020, Al Otaiba released a statement praising the Abraham Accord as "a win for diplomacy and for the region" and stated that it "lowers tensions and creates new energy for positive change."
The Abraham Accords revealed the rifts in the relationship between Palestine and the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain. Under a 2002 Arab Peace Initiative, Arab nations declared that Israel would only receive "normal" ties in return for a statehood deal with the Palestinians and an end to the occupation. However, the Palestinian ambassador to the UK, Husam Zomlot warned that the longstanding policy had been undermined. A senior Palestinian politician, Saeb Erekat condemned the deals as a "tremendous encouragement for the Israeli government to continue their occupation". However, under the deal, Israel agreed to "suspend" annexation, but critics stated that the clause was only added as lip service to the Palestinian issue, while Israeli politicians argued that the annexation plan is still a priority.
According to Le Monde the peace deal between the UAE and Israel was being asserted to cause damage to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Middle East (UNRWA) as the newspaper claimed that Emirati officials were thinking of an action plan designed to gradually eliminate the UN agency responsible for Palestinian refugees. The newspaper references the drastic reduction in Emirati aid in 2019 to UNRWA from $51 million to only $1 million as a reference.
Travel
Before the official recognition of Israel, the UAE did not allow Israeli citizens or those suspected of being Israeli citizens entry into the UAE, including Israeli passport holders, except for transit. However, third party nationals with Israeli stamps or visas in their passports were allowed entry. There were no direct flights between Israel and the UAE, so all flights had to stopover in a third, neutral country (such as Jordan), and no Israeli aircraft was allowed to enter UAE airspace. Such restrictions did not apply in Israel, though the UAE barred its citizens and aircraft from entering Israel. Restrictions were tightened against the entry of Israeli citizens following the assassination of Hamas officer Mahmoud al-Mabhouh in Dubai, which was blamed on Mossad. In 2012, Qantas teamed up with Emirates, in a deal that involved Qantas flights stopping over in Dubai on Australia-Europe flights. Concerns were raised as to how the UAE travel restrictions would impact Qantas passengers who are nationals of Israel or travelling on an Israeli passport, for example, if such passengers had to stay overnight in Dubai for a connection. Qantas cancelled the deal in 2018.
However, there are Jewish expatriates in the UAE, and there are Israelis with dual citizenship who live, visit, and work in the UAE as citizens of other countries. Prior to the normalisation of relations, some Israeli companies conducted business in the UAE indirectly through third parties.
On 31 August 2020, an El Al Boeing 737-800 (4X-EHD) made a three-hour trip from Tel Aviv to Abu Dhabi over Saudi Arabian airspace to be the first commercial flight between the two countries and the first Israeli flight to be approved to fly over Saudi Arabian airspace. With Saudi Arabia allowing Israeli flights to cross its airspace and significantly reducing operational costs as well as flight times for El Al, the airline will become more competitive on routes to India and other destinations in the Middle East and South Asia.
On 20 October 2020, Israel and the UAE announced a mutual visa exemption agreement, allowing Israeli citizens and Emirati citizens to go to each other's countries visa-free.
On 4 November 2020, Emirati carrier FlyDubai announced that it would start direct flights between Tel Aviv and Dubai from 26 November, with tickets being offered on sale. This would mark the first commercial flight route between Dubai and Tel Aviv.
In January 2021, the visa-exemption agreement between the UAE and Israel was postponed, amidst the COVID-19 restrictions. The decision came after Israel mandated it for the Emirati travelers to quarantine as a precaution. The waiver agreement, which was supposed to be implemented on 13 February 2021, was suspended until 1 July.
On 23 June 2022, Emirates began direct flights between Dubai and Tel Aviv.
Trade
In June 2020, a trading association, known as the UAE-Israel Business Council (UIBC) was created by Dorian Barak, an Israeli-American investor and entrepreneur who had been working in the Persian Gulf region for the past decade, and Fleur Hassan-Nahoum, the Deputy Mayor of Jerusalem. The association consists of over 3000 businesses, business leaders, professionals and public sector leaders from the United Arab Emirates and Israel with the express purpose to foster trade, innovation and cooperation between the two countries.
The UAE-Israel Business Council mission is to build mutually beneficial relationships between Emiratis and Israelis, that advance business ties, investment, and cultural understanding. Key areas of cooperation include technology, finance, logistics and transportation, medical and biotech, agriculture, energy and water, professional services. To date there are over 250 UAE companies trading with the Israel, which is expected to rise to over 500 companies by 2021.
Policy forum
The Gulf-Israel Policy Forum was established in cooperation with the Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies at Tel Aviv University and is headed by founding member, Dan Feferman, a member of the Israeli policy research community, and Nir Boms of the Dayan Center. It includes prominent policy professionals, academics and government advisors from Israel, the UAE, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. The policy forum acts as a hub for collaboration between policy makers and researchers in Israel and Arab states of the Persian Gulf.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/First_Gulf-Israel_Women%27s_Forum.jpg/220px-First_Gulf-Israel_Women%27s_Forum.jpg)
The Gulf-Israel Women's Forum was established as a division of the UIBC by Fleur Hassan-Nahoum and Justine Zwerling, with the goal to unite women from the Middle East in sisterhood, culture, friendship and business. On 9 October 2020, founding members Hassan-Nahoum, Daphne Richemond-Barak and Michal Divon met in Dubai with a prominent set of Emirati women for the first of several Women's Forum events. Such events focus on involving women from Israel and the Arab world in technology, finance, healthcare, media, culture and other sectors.
Free trade agreement
On 1 April 2022, the two countries concluded negotiations for a bilateral free trade agreement, which will make 95 percent of traded products between them customs-free and will include food, agricultural and cosmetic products, and medicines and medical equipment.
Military cooperation
In August 2016, pilots from both the Israel Air Force and the UAE Air Force participated in a joint Red Flag training exercise with pilots from Pakistan and Spain, in Nevada in the United States.
In 2017, the Israel Air Force and the UAE Air Force held a joint exercise with the air forces of the U.S., Italy and Greece, in Greece, called Iniohos 2017. Another joint aerial training occurred at Iniohos 2019.
After 2011, the UAE and Israel actively participated together on the Egyptian government's side against the Sinai insurgency.
In late August 2020, reports claimed that Israel and UAE plan to establish spy bases on the Yemeni island of Socotra.
In August 2020, the UAE and Israel reached a historic Israel–United Arab Emirates peace agreement to lead towards full normalization of relations between the two countries. The agreement formally became part of the Abraham Accords involving the UAE and Israel and was signed on 15 September 2020. Security experts in Israel raised concern that the agreement was paving way for the Trump administration's proposed sale of F-35 stealth fighter jets and other sophisticated weaponry to the UAE. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu opposed the sale of the fighter jets, stating that Israel's position on Middle Eastern states, acquiring such high-end weapons, did not change. The UAE Foreign Ministry spokesperson Hend al-Otaiba commented on the link between the Abraham Accord and the proposed sale of US-made F-35 fighter jets to the Emirates, by saying: "In terms of the F35s specifically, this request is not something that emerged from the current accord. Our request for the F-35 has been in process for six years now. Given that the UAE intends to be a partner to Israel, and already has a deep strategic partnership with the US, we are hopeful the request will be granted." Later in October 2020, Israel, in an apparent reference to the F-35, said that it will not oppose US sales of weapon systems to the United Arab Emirates.
The establishment of formal diplomatic relations between the two countries was said to be the result, most recently, of cooperation and talks between the UAE's National Security Adviser Tahnoun bin Zayed Al Nahyan and Yossi Cohen, the head of Israel's Mossad.
Medical cooperation
In July 2020, the Israeli Israel Aerospace Industries and Rafael Advanced Defense Systems signed an agreement with the Emirati Group 42 technology company, to offer "effective solutions" to the COVID-19 pandemic. In June 2020, the UAE's Etihad Airways landed at Ben Gurion Airport, carrying a shipment of medical supplies to assist the Palestinians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Later that month, Israel announced a partnership with the UAE to cooperate in managing the COVID-19 pandemic in their respective countries.
Cultural and scientific relations
In September 2019, the Abu Dhabi authorities announced that they would open a synagogue as part of an interfaith compound by 2022.
On 13 September 2020, UAE's Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence and Israel's Weizmann Institute of Science signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to collaborate on AI research.
In January 2021, the Department of Culture and Tourism in Abu Dhabi announced the organization of the first virtual event that brings together Emirati and Israeli filmmakers on the annual "Qattara Cinema" program, under the agreement between the Abu Dhabi Film Committee, the Israeli Film Fund and Sam Spiegel School in Jerusalem, where eight Emirati and Israeli short films will be released.
Sports events
The UAE had a history of denying entry to Israelis, including for sport. However, international pressure has led to exceptions being made for athletes in international competitions. In addition, UAE athletes were prohibited from taking part in events in Israel as well as competing against Israeli athletes in any circumstance.
In February 2010, Israeli tennis player Shahar Pe'er was denied a visa by the UAE, and thus prevented from playing at the Dubai Tennis Championships. A number of players, among them Venus Williams, condemned the visa rejection, and Women's Tennis Association chief Larry Scott said that he had considered canceling the tournament, but chose not to after consulting Pe'er. Tournament director Salah Tahlak said that Pe'er was refused on the grounds that her appearance could incite anger in the Arab country, after she had already faced protests at the ASB Classic over the Gaza War. The WTA said that it would review future tournaments in Dubai. Due to the action, Tennis Channel decided not to televise the event and The Wall Street Journal dropped its sponsorship. The 2008 winner of the men's singles Andy Roddick chose not to defend his title, with prize money of over $2 million, to protest against the UAE's refusal to grant Pe'er a visa. "I really didn't agree with what went on over there. I don't know if it's the best thing to mix politics and sports, and that was probably a big part of it", Roddick said.
In October 2017, when an Israeli judoka Tal Flicker won gold in an international judo championship in the UAE, officials refused to fly the Israeli flag and play the Israeli national anthem, instead playing the official music of the International Judo Federation (IJF) and flying the IJF's logo. The UAE also banned Israeli athletes from wearing their country's symbols on uniforms, having to wear IJF uniforms. Other contestants such as Gili Cohen received similar treatment. In October 2018, the UAE reversed its position allowing the Israeli flag be displayed and anthem played when an Israeli judoka Sagi Muki won a gold medal in the Judo Grand Competition, with the Israeli Minister of Culture and Sport, Miri Regev, attending the events in Abu Dhabi.
The 2019 AFC Asian Cup held in January 2019 was another turning point. For the first time since the expulsion of Israel from the Asian Football Confederation, the UAE allowed Israeli TV channel, Sport 5, to directly broadcast the tournament held in the country. This was seen as a sign of warming relations between two nations. Sport 5 officially broadcast the opening match between the UAE and Bahrain, and had remained active until the end of the tournament. In March 2019, Israeli athletes participated in the 2019 Special Olympics World Summer Games, held in Abu Dhabi.
On 9 May 2019, the first team sporting match between Israel and the UAE took place at the Netball Europe Open Challenge at the National Sporting Centre in the Isle of Man.
In November 2019, 17-year-old Israeli Alon Leviev won the gold medal in the junior category at the Ju-jitsu World Championship, held in Abu Dhabi. In the same competition, Nimrod Ryder won another gold medal, while Ronnie Nessimian, Meshi Rosenfeld and Roy Dagan won other medals.
In September 2020, Israeli Dia Saba joined Emirati club Al-Nasr, to become the first Israeli to play in the UAE and Gulf States, following the normalization agreement.
References
- ^ Entous, Adam (11 June 2018). "Donald Trump's New World Order". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X.
- ^ "Video: Tel Aviv's city hall lights up in UAE, Israel flags to celebrate peace deal". Khaleej Times. 14 August 2020.
- ^ Ravid, Barak (27 November 2015). "Exclusive: Israel to Open First Diplomatic Mission in Abu Dhabi – Israel News – Israel News – Haaretz Israeli News Source". Haaretz. Haaretz.com. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
- ^ Weinglass, Simona. "In diplomatic first, Israel to open mission in Abu Dhabi". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
- ^ "Israel Is Strengthening Its Ties With The Gulf Monarchies". HuffPost. 12 September 2016.
- ^ "Israel, UAE normalise diplomatic relations: Five things to know". Al-Jazeera. 1 August 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
- ^ "Israel and UAE strike historic peace deal". BBC News. 1 August 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
- ^ "Israel and U.A.E. agree to full diplomatic relations". CBC News. 1 August 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
- ^ "Israel, UAE to establish diplomatic ties". Time of India. 1 August 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
- ^ "UAE-Israel deal-signing ceremony to be held Sept. 15 in Washington"
- ^ Yellinek, Roie (1 August 2020). "Implications of the Israel-UAE Peace Deal". Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
- ^ "Israel and UAE launch phone links after treaty". BBC News. 1 August 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
- ^ "Israel and UAE in historic direct flight following peace deal". BBC News. 31 August 2020. Archived from the original on 19 July 2023.
- ^ "Israel opens embassy in UAE, expanding new relations". WDRB. 24 January 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
- ^ Eichner, Itamar (30 May 2021). "UAE embassy in Israel officially opens". ynetnews. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
- ^ "@AmbAlKhaja" on Twitter
- ^ Ulrichsen, Kristian Coates (September 2016). "Israel and the Arab Gulf States: Drivers and Directions of Change" (PDF). Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 September 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
- ^ Hassan Hamdan al-Alkim, The Foreign Policy of the United Arab Emirates (London: Saqi Books, 1989), 175.
- ^ "Dubai police chief bars all suspected Israelis entering UAE | World news". The Guardian. March 2010. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
- ^ Maya Rhodan, "Western Powers Reach Long-sought Nuclear Deal With Iran", Time (14 July 2015).
- ^ "Exclusive: Netanyahu Secretly Met With UAE Foreign Minister in 2012 in New York". Haaretz. 25 July 2017.
- ^ "Israeli, Saudi, and Emirati Officials Privately Pushed for Trump to Strike a "Grand Bargain" with Putin". The New Yorker. 9 July 2018.
- ^ al Araby, 24 July 2017, Libya's Haftar 'provided with Israeli military aid following UAE-mediated meetings with Mossad agents'
- ^ The Times of Israel, Dinner diplomacy revealed: Netanyahu’s genial encounter with UAE, Bahrain envoys
- ^ Haaretz, Israel's U.S. Envoy Shares Dinner Table With UAE Counterpart in Rare Sign of Warming Ties
- ^ Sofer, Roni (20 June 1995). "Landau 1st Israeli minister to visit Abu Dhabi – Israel News, Ynetnews". Ynetnews. Ynetnews.com. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
- ^ Joshi, Shashank (29 August 2016). "Why Israel and the Arab nations are slowly drawing closer together". The Telegraph – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
- ^ "Israel, Turkey hold secret talks in UAE". Middle East Monitor. 17 September 2018.
- ^ "Israel to take part in Dubai Expo 2020". France24. 25 April 2019.
- ^ "Israeli Prime Minister meets UAE Crown Prince in Abu Dhabi in historic visit". CNN. 13 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
- ^ Jackson, Deirdre Shesgreen, John Fritze, Michael Collins and David. "Trump announces Israel and United Arab Emirates will formalize diplomatic ties in potentially historic deal". USA TODAY. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Israel and UAE announce normalisation of relations with US help". Aljazeera. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
- ^ "From Mossad overtures to frenetic US diplomacy: How UAE deal reportedly happened". The Times of Israel. 14 August 2020.
- ^ "Trump hails 'dawn of new Middle East' with UAE-Bahrain-Israel deals". BBC. 15 September 2020.
- ^ "Diplomatic Underground: The Sordid Double Life of Washington's Most Powerful Ambassador". The Intercept. 30 August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
- ^ "Israel and UAE strike historic deal to normalise relations". BBC News. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
- ^ "'We feel betrayed': Palestinians fear cost of Arab states' deals with Israel". The Guardian. 22 September 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "The drastic drop in Emirati aid to Unrwa raises questions". L'Orient-Le Jour. 30 December 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
- ^ "Entry requirements – United Arab Emirates travel advice". GOV.UK.
- ^ "The Best Way to Travel From Israel to Dubai, UAE". Travel Tips – USA Today.
- ^ "United Arab Emirates (UAE) Landing and Overflight Permit Requirements". Universal Operational Insight Blog. 27 October 2014.
- ^ "'Israelis No Longer Allowed in Dubai After Hamas Hit' – Israel News – Haaretz Israeli News Source". Haaretz.com. 1 March 2010. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
- ^ "Qantas extends Emirates deal and drops Dubai for Singapore stopover". www.abc.net.au. 31 August 2017.
- ^ "Singapore replaces Dubai for Europe flights with Qantas". NewsComAu. 12 April 2018.
- ^ Friedman, Ron (3 March 2010). "Israelis doing business in Dubai will wait out storm – Middle East – Jerusalem Post". Jpost.com. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
- ^ "Israel and UAE in historic direct flight following peace deal". BBC. 31 August 2020.
- ^ Levingston, Ivan (31 August 2020). "Israel's El Al Airlines makes historic flight through Saudi airspace en route to UAE". Fortune.
- ^ "UAE's flydubai to start direct Israel flights this month". Reuters. 4 November 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
- ^ "UAE, Israel postpone visa exemption deal over COVID-19 worries". Reuters. 18 January 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
- ^ "Emirates arrives in Tel Aviv". emirates.com. 23 June 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
- ^ "Emirates Flights To Tel Aviv, Israel, Launch June 23 - One Mile at a Time". onemileatatime.com. 15 March 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
- ^ "Israeli official: Arab East Jerusalem can become regional tech R&D hub". Gulfnews. 11 October 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
- ^ "Historic breakthrough paves way for launch of UAE-Israel Business Council". israelhayom.com. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "Home". UAE-Israel Business Council. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ Freelance, Motivate (4 November 2020). "Exclusive: UAE-Israel Business Council co-founders on what comes next after the peace deal". Gulf Business. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "How UAE-Israel Historic Peace Deal Will Affect Business In The Middle East - Corporate/Commercial Law - United Arab Emirates". mondaq.com. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ Staff Reporter. "Dubai conference to highlight UAE-Israel peace accord". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "Open for business: How UAE-Israel peace is driving deals at breakneck speed". Al Arabiya English. 24 September 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "The Gulf-Israel Policy Forum". Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
- ^ MENAFN. "UAE- Building the bridges to Gulf women's hearts". menafn.com. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
- ^ "First Face-to-Face Forum between Gulf, Israeli Women a Hit". The Media Line. 19 October 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "The Gulf Israel Women's Forum: forging ties across the gulf". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 23 October 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
- ^ "Emiratis, Israelis meet in Dubai as part of women's forum event". Arab News. 9 October 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "Emirati and Israeli women meet in Dubai - Middle East". Israel National News. 9 October 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "Deputy mayor of Jerusalem visits UAE to forge business ties". Israel Hayom. 11 October 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
- ^ "Emiratis, Israelis meet in Dubai as part of women's forum event - Egypt Tours 36 %". Egypt Tours 36. 10 October 2020. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
- ^ Gupta, Joydeep Sen. "WKND Special: Building the bridges to Gulf women's hearts". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
- ^ "Israel, UAE finalise 'milestone' free trade deal". Reuters. 1 April 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
- ^ "Israeli Air Force holds joint exercise with United Arab Emirates, U.S. and Italy". Haaretz.
- ^ Gross, Judah Ari. "Israel, UAE to fly together in Greek air force exercise". www.timesofisrael.com.
- ^ Armstrong, Martin (29 March 2017). "Danger zone: UAE and Israel in joint air-force drills". alaraby.
- ^ "Israel and UAE Fly Together in Joint Aerial Exercise in Greece". The Tower. 11 April 2019.
- ^ "Secret Alliance: Israel Carries Out Airstrikes in Egypt, With Cairo's O.K." New York Times. 3 February 2018.
For more than two years, unmarked Israeli drones, helicopters and jets have carried out a covert air campaign, conducting more than 100 airstrikes inside Egypt, frequently more than once a week — and all with the approval of President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi.
- ^ "Donald Trump's New World Order". The New Yorker. 18 June 2018.
Recently, coöperation among Israel and the Gulf states has expanded into the Sinai Peninsula, where M.B.Z. has deployed Emirati forces to train and assist Egyptian troops who have been fighting militants with help from Israeli military aircraft and intelligence agencies. U.A.E. forces have, on occasion, conducted counterterrorism missions in Sinai.
- ^ "Report: Israel, UAE setting up spy bases in Yemen". Israel Hayom. 31 August 2020.
- ^ "Israel and UAE strike historic deal". BBC News. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
- ^ "With President Trump's help, Israel and the United Arab Emirates reach historic deal to normalize relations". Reuters. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
- ^ Toi Staff (16 September 2020). "Full text of the Abraham Accords signed by Israel, the UAE and Bahrain". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
- ^ Dufour, Tia. "The Abraham Accords". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
- ^ Forgey, Quint (15 September 2020). "'The dawn of a new Middle East': Trump celebrates Abraham Accords with White House signing ceremony". Politico. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
- ^ "Peace deal or arms race? Proposed sale of F-35 jets to UAE prompts fears in Israel". The Washington Post. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
- ^ Raphael Ahren (13 September 2020). "Emiratis are 'enthusiastic' about peace with Israel, senior UAE official says". The Times of Israel.
- ^ "Israel will not oppose US sale of F-35 to UAE". Israel Hayom. 25 October 2020.
- ^ Staff, The New Arab (19 August 2020). "Chief of Israel's Mossad set for Bahrain after UAE visit". alaraby. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- ^ "IAI, Rafael work with UAE counterpart to combat coronavirus". The Jerusalem Post. 5 July 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
- ^ "Second UAE plane carrying virus aid for Palestinians lands in Israel". The Times of Israel. 9 June 2020.
- ^ "Israel Announces Partnership With U.A.E., Which Throws Cold Water On It". The New York Times. 25 June 2020.
- ^ "UAE to open synagogue, part of interfaith compound, in 2022". The Times of Israel. 22 September 2019.
- ^ ""Cinema al Qattara" muestra cortometrajes Emiratíes e Israelíes por primera vez – HoyLunes : Noticias Valencia y España". 5 February 2021.
- ^ "UAE backs down on barring Israeli athletes". Reuters. 20 February 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
- ^ "Mondays with Bob Greene: We do not wish to politicize sports | TennisGrandstand". www.tennisgrandstand.com. Archived from the original on 26 February 2009.
- ^ "Dubai faces censure over Peer ban". BBC Sport. 17 February 2009. Retrieved 17 February 2009.
- ^ "UAE denies visa to Israeli tennis player - CNN.com". CNN. 15 February 2009. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
- ^ Sandomir, Richard. "Tennis Channel Won't Televise Dubai Event in Protest." The New York Times. 16 February 2009. Retrieved on 18 February 2009.
- ^ Ovide, Shira. "Journal Drops Dubai Tennis Sponsorship." The Wall Street Journal. 18 February 2009. Retrieved on 18 February 2009.
- ^ "Roddick pulls out over Peer controversy | Sports News | Fox Sports". Archived from the original on 8 December 2012.
- ^ Young, Henry (27 October 2017). "Israeli wins gold in UAE; officials refuse to play anthem". CNN.
- ^ "Hatikvah plays for first time in UAE as Israeli judoka wins gold". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 28 October 2018.
- ^ "Israeli national anthem plays in Qatar- watch". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 25 March 2019.
- ^ "Israel Culture Minister arrives in UAE". Middle East Monitor. 26 October 2018.
- ^ "1:1 מלהיב בין איחוד האמירויות לבחריין". sport5.co.il (in Hebrew). 5 January 2019.
- ^ "SO Israel". abudhabi2019.org.
- ^ "Meet the Teams". netball.im. 22 January 2019. Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
- ^ "'Hatikvah' played in Abu Dhabi as Israeli takes gold in ju-jitsu tournament". The Times of Israel. 17 November 2019.
- ^ @kann_news (22 November 2019). "נמרוד ריידר זכה במדליית הזהב השנייה של ישראל באליפות העולם בג'יו ג'יטסו באבו דאבי. בעקבות הזכייה – שוב הושמעה "התקווה" על אדמת איחוד האמירויות. גם המדליסט הירדני עמד על הפודיום בעת ההמנון. ישראלי נוסף, רועי דגן, זכה במדליית ארד בקטגוריית משקל עד 94 ק"ג" (Tweet) (in Hebrew) – via Twitter.
- ^ "Israel takes home more medals at Abu-Dhabi Jiu-Jitsu world championships". azertag.az. 21 November 2019.
- ^ "Guangzhou R&F's Dia Saba to become first Israeli player in UAE after peace deal". Xinhuanet. 25 September 2020.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png)