The Anglican Diocese of Melbourne is the metropolitan diocese of the Province of Victoria in the Anglican Church of Australia. The diocese was founded from the Diocese of Australia by letters patent of 25 June 1847 and includes the cities of Melbourne and Geelong and also some more rural areas. The cathedral church is St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne. The current Archbishop of Melbourne since 2006 is Philip Freier, who was translated from the Anglican Diocese of The Northern Territory, and who was the Anglican Primate of Australia from 2014 to 2020.

The diocese was founded from the Diocese of Australia by letters patent of 25 June 1847 and includes the cities of Melbourne and Geelong and also some more rural areas. The cathedral church is St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne. The ordinary of the diocese is the Archbishop of Melbourne, Philip Freier, who was translated from the Anglican Diocese of The Northern Territory, and who was the Anglican Primate of Australia from 2014 to 2020.

The Diocese of Melbourne is divided into areas of episcopal care in which assistant bishops exercise a pastoral role on behalf of the archbishop. These areas are divided into archdeaconries with further subdivision into area deaneries.

Following consultation with the Wurundjeri people of Melbourne, local Indigenous names have been used for the areas of episcopal care. The areas are:

• Marmingatha, covering the inner city, especially along major transport corridors;
• Oodthenong, covering the northern and western growth areas in Greater Melbourne and Geelong;
• Jumbunna, covering parishes south of the Yarra and to the east, including the South-East Growth Corridor; and
• Monomeeth, of which the bishop has responsibilities across the whole of the diocese with a particular focus on people, culture and wellbeing.

Marmingatha means “being with the divine or supreme being, Oodthenong means “gathering", Jumbunna means “speaking out” or “proclamation” and Monomeeth means "rightness, wellness and goodness". Together, they comprise the Woi Wurrung equivalent of the diocesan vision of Making the Word of God Fully Known through “gathering in the divine presence to speak out and proclaim”.

There are two Anglican theological colleges within the diocese, both in the suburb of Parkville. Trinity College Theological School, founded in 1878, is a college of the ecumenical University of Divinity and part of Trinity College, a residential college within the University of Melbourne and is more Liberal and Anglo-Catholic in tradition. Ridley College was founded in 1910 as an independent college in the evangelical tradition and is affiliated with the Australian College of Theology.

Churchmanship within the Melbourne diocese is diverse and the three nineteenth-century Anglican traditions, Evangelical, Liberal and Anglo-Catholic, are all significantly represented.

The existence of such differing traditions within the diocese is sometimes a cause of theological tensions, evident in the existence of separate theological colleges. The difficulty with which an archbishop was elected in 2006 provided a recent example.

The Diocese of Melbourne has been affected by issues that have been debated in the worldwide Anglican Communion. The theological diversity of the diocese means that there is sometimes disagreement over more contentious matters. In addition, it is frequently perceived that there is a significant tension between the theologically broad Melbourne diocese and the far more conservative Sydney diocese.

The diocese was the first in Australia to ordain a woman, when Bishop Moorhouse ordained Marion Macfarlane as a deaconess in 1884. It has ordained women to the diaconate since 1986 and to the priesthood since 1992. The September 2007 decision of the Appellate Tribunal opening the way for the consecration of women to the episcopate was welcomed by the present archbishop, Philip Freier. General Synod approved a motion in October 2007 which welcomed the "clarity" of the decision. Melbourne's first woman to become a bishop, Barbara Darling, was consecrated at St Paul's Cathedral on 31 May 2008. The ordination of women to be bishops is opposed by some within the diocese, particularly conservative Evangelicals and some Anglo-Catholics, necessitating the provision of alternative episcopal oversight.

The diocese officially subscribes to the traditional Anglican stance on homosexuality. Most conservatives and Evangelicals remain opposed to the blessing of same-sex unions and the ordination of non-celibate gay and lesbian clergy.

However, the diocese also contains a number of liberal parishes and prominent laypeople, such as Muriel Porter, who have been very vocal in their support for changes in the church's teaching on human sexuality.

In November 2007, an all-female committee from the Diocese of Melbourne made a submission to the Victorian Law Reform Commission outlining its position in relation to abortion. The submission stated that "the Anglican Church is for life" and acknowledged "diversity of ... views" within the diocese. However it also declared that the diocese "supports the provision of safe and affordable abortions with appropriate safeguards for women who, for whatever reasons, request them". The underlying ethical view concerning embryonic life is that "while the embryo/foetus is fully human from the time of conception, it accrues moral significance and value as it develops ... we believe the moral significance increases with the age and development of the foetus. The significance increases gradually over time, in parallel with its physical development. As a pregnancy advances, more powerful moral reasons are required to allow the destruction of the embryo/foetus." The submission was announced in The Melbourne Anglican, in an article entitled "Decriminalise abortion, say Anglican women". This is seen to be the first official approval of abortion by Australian Anglicans.

Bishops coadjutor
From	Until	Incumbent	Notes
1934	1942	Joseph Booth	Bishop of Geelong, translated to the diocesan see of Melbourne.
1946	1960	John McKie	Bishop of Geelong and Archdeacon of Melbourne; became Assistant Bishop of Coventry.
1960	1963	Donald Redding	Previously Bishop of Bunbury.
1962	1969	Geoffrey Sambell	Translated to Perth
1963	1970	Felix Arnott	Translated to Brisbane
1969	1977	Bob Dann	Translated to the diocesan see of Melbourne.
1970	1985	James Grant	Dean of Melbourne 1985-1999
1971	1982	Ged Muston	Translated to North West Australia.
1982	1984	David Penman	Translated to the diocesan see of Melbourne.
Assistant bishops
1978	1988	David Shand	Previously Bishop of St Arnaud; translated between regions. Bishop of the Southern Region (1978-1985) then Bishop in Geelong (1985-1988)
1985	1989	Peter Hollingworth	Bishop in the Inner City, then translated to Brisbane
1985	1993	Robert Butterss	Robert Leopold Butterss, consecrated 24 February 1985
1985	2007	John Wilson	Bishop of the Southern Region
1989	1995	John Bayton	Bishop of the Western Region
1994	2001	John Stewart	Bishop of the Eastern Region
1994	2002	Andrew Curnow	Bishop of the Northern Region, then translated to Bendigo.
1995	2001	Andrew St. John	cons. 22 July 1995; Bishop of the Western Region, then Rector at the Church of the Transfiguration, New York
2001	2009	Stephen Hale	Bishop of the Eastern Region
2002	2017	Paul White	Bishop of the Western Region (2002-2007), Southern Region (2007-2015), Jumbunna Episcopate (2015-2016), Growth Areas Ministry (2016-2017)
2003	2018	Philip Huggins	Previously Bishop of Grafton (1998-2003) Bishop of the Northern Region (2003-2007), North West Region (2003-2015), Oodthenong Episcopate (2015-2018)
2008	2015	Barbara Darling	Bishop for Diocesan Ministries (2008-2009), Eastern Region (2009-2015)
2015	present	Genieve Blackwell	Previously Assistant Bishop, Canberra and Goulburn (2012–2015); translated between regions Bishop of the Marmingatha Episcopate
2015	2020	John Harrower	Previously Bishop of Tasmania (2000-2015) Assistant to the Archbishop of Melbourne in the exercise of his leadership responsibilities as Primate of the Anglican Church of Australia
2016	present	Bradly Billings	Bishop for Theological Education and Wellbeing (Bishop of the Monomeeth Episcopate)
2016	present	Paul Barker	Bishop of the Jumbunna Episcopate
2016	present	Lindsay Urwin	Previously Bishop of Horsham (1993-2009) Bishop for Schools
2018	present	Kate Prowd	Bishop of the Oodthenong Episcopate

• The first archdeacon was Hussey Burgh Macartney: he was also Dean of the Cathedral.

The first archdeacon was Theodore Carlos Benoni Stretch.

The first archdeacon was Archibald Crawford.

Lloyd Crossley was Vicar of All Saint's, St Kilda from 18 September 1905 until 1911.

• St Peter's Eastern Hill - Parish church of the City of Melbourne
• List of Anglican churches in Melbourne

• Diocese of Melbourne website
• "Critical Mass" - Young Anglicans in the Melbourne diocese
• Archbishop Philip Freier's Easter message on YouTube
• Melbourne Anglican Study Group