Kaluga Governorate (‹See Tfd›Russian: Калужская губерния, romanized: Kaluzhskaya guberniya) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, which existed in 1796–1929. Its capital was Kaluga.

Kaluga Governorate consisted of the following uyezds (administrative centres in parentheses):

• Borovsky Uyezd (Borovsk)
• Zhizdrinsky Uyezd (Zhizdra)
• Kaluzhsky Uyezd (Kaluga)
• Kozelsky Uyezd (Kozelsk)
• Likhvinsky Uyezd (Likhvin)
• Maloyaroslavetsky Uyezd (Maloyaroslavets)
• Medynsky Uyezd (Medyn)
• Meshchovsky Uyezd (Meshchovsk)
• Mosalsky Uyezd (Mosalsk)
• Peremyshlsky Uyezd (Peremyshl)
• Tarussky Uyezd (Tarusa)

At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Kaluga Governorate had a population of 1,132,843. Of these, 99.4% spoke Russian, 0.2% Polish, 0.1% Yiddish, 0.1% Ukrainian, 0.1% Belarusian and 0.1% German as their native language.

• William Henry Beable (1919), "Governments or Provinces of the Former Russian Empire: Kaluga", Russian Gazetteer and Guide, London: Russian Outlook – via Open Library

54°32′00″N 36°16′00″E / 54.5333°N 36.2667°E / 54.5333; 36.2667