Kamonkoli is a town in Budaka District, in the Eastern Region of Uganda.

The town is located in Iki-iki county and is the largest city in eastern Uganda. It lies 107 kilometres (66 mi) along the Iganga–Tirinyi–Kamonkoli–Mbale Road, approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi), southwest of Mbale, 17km in the South of Kabwangasi Town and 11km in the East of Iki-iki town along Kamonkoli-Pallisa road. The area receives two rainfall seasons in a year with average temperature of 28°c and 900-1100mm/RF per year.

North Ward:- Bubulanga, Kamonkoli'A', Kamonkoli'B' and Bulalaka.

South Ward:- Namusango,Kamonkoli central, Nyanza'A' and Nyanza'B'.

Nyanza A cell has the most population: about 4500 people (2024) in the town. Of every 10 people, 6 make at least 1$ in a day.

The town is the fastest growing in the district, benefitting from industries such as Uganda Clays, Ltd., a branch of Kajansi factory, Uganda's largest manufacturer of clay products. Metro Cement, Ltd. is located in Nyanza A.

Kamonkoli is at the end of the southeastern leg of the Tirinyi–Pallisa–Kamonkoli–Kumi Road, which links this town to Pallisa. The streets are not named though some have been paved.

The town is mostly inhabited by the Bagwere, although some tribes such as Bagisu, Basoga,Iteso,and a few Baganda also live there, and Bbagwere clans that live there are the Balaraka, Babulanga, Bakomolo, Bakatikoko, Balyampiti, and Bakaduuka.

The major cash crops were typically rice and cotton (cotton was abandoned due to price fluctuations). Other crops include cassava, groundnuts, millet, beans, maize,etc. Rice is mostly grown in Nyanza B and other areas near Namatala swamp.

Mining is mostly done for marrum and clay. Livestock such as goats and cows are reared. Small scale fishing is done mostly in the swamps and some fish ponds. Food processing industries operate in the town, mostly for rice.

Tourist spots are swamps and factories. It is the location of the biggest hotel, Marple cottages, in the district and the biggest mosque in Bugwere. The Seventh Day Adventists Eastern Uganda Field Headquarters are located there.

In the late 2000s, the people of the town especially those living along Namatala had land conflicts with the Bagisu people of Mbale, which cost many lives.

The town has a grade III government hospital located in Nyanza A.

The town has various schools ranging from nursery to university, including Genesis P/s, Kamonkoli college, and Livingston international university. Other schools are Kamonkoli mixed p/s, Nyanza II p/s, Kamonkoli Nursery and p/s and HIS primary school.

• Baraki Kirya was a famous politician in the times of Obote and Iddi Amini Dada.