The Kanchalan (Russian: Канчалан) is a river in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russian Far East. It is 426 kilometres (265 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 20,600 square kilometres (8,000 sq mi).

The Kanchalan and its tributaries belong to the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug administrative region of Russia. There is a small populated place in the area close to its estuary also called Kanchalan. Originally the river appears to have been called the Nyerpicha according to maps of the 17th and 18th centuries. A sedentary people who went on to form the eponymous settlement lived on its banks who called themselves "Konchalyt", (from the Chukchi кончальыт meaning Only) and over time their name became associated with both the settlement and the river itself. In Chukchi, the river is divided into two parts, the lower reaches are called Gytgomkyvaam (Гытгомкываам, lit. Bush River), whilst the upper reaches are called Tadlyeoan (Тадлеоан, lit. The Place of Vengeance) as this was the site of historical battles between the Chukchi, Yukaghirs and Koryaks.

Its sources are in the Tumannaya Mountain area of the Chukotka Mountains. The river flows roughly southwards through the sparsely populated areas of the Anadyr Lowlands. It meets the Bering Sea at the Gulf of Anadyr through the Anadyr Estuary.

Beluga whales are common in its estuarine waters.

• List of rivers of Russia

• Litovka, D. I. (2002). "Beluga distribution". Russian Journal of Marine Biology. 28 (4): 263–266. doi:10.1023/A:1020277211821. S2CID 1381536.
• Bird life
• Makoedov, A. N.; Korotaev, Yu. A.; Korotaeva, O. B. (2001). "Chum salmon in the Kanchalan River". Russian Journal of Marine Biology. 27 (4): 238–244. doi:10.1023/A:1011915419911. S2CID 29355676.