Kilinochchi District
History
Between 5th century BC and 13th century AD present day Kilinochchi District was part of Rajarata. Much of Kilinochchi District was thereafter part of the pre-colonial Jaffna kingdom. The district then came under Portuguese, Dutch and British control. In 1815 the British gained control of the entire island of Ceylon. They divided the island into three ethnic based administrative structures: Low Country Sinhalese, Kandyan Sinhalese and Tamil. The district, which was then part of Jaffna District, was part of the Tamil administration. In 1833, in accordance with the recommendations of the Colebrooke-Cameron Commission, the ethnic based administrative structures were unified into a single administration divided into five geographic provinces. Jaffna District, together with Mannar District and Vanni District, formed the new Northern Province.
The district was colonised in 1936 by residents from Jaffna Peninsula as part of a scheme that sought to ease overpopulation and unemployment. At the time that Ceylon gained independence, Jaffna was one of the three districts located in the Northern Province. Parts of Jaffna District were transferred to newly created Mullaitivu District in September 1978. Kilinochchi District was carved out of the southern part of Jaffna District in February 1984.
Kilinochchi District was under the control of rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam for many years during the civil war. The district was recaptured by the Sri Lankan military in late 2008/early 2009.
Geography
Kilinochchi District is located in the north of Sri Lanka in the Northern Province. It has an area of 1,279 square kilometres (494 sq mi).
Administrative units
Kilinochchi District is divided into 4 Divisional Secretary's Division (DS Divisions), each headed by a Divisional Secretary (previously known as an Assistant Government Agent). The DS Divisions are further sub-divided into 95 Grama Niladhari Divisions (GN Divisions).
DS Division | Main Town | Divisional Secretary | GN Divisions |
Area (km) |
Population (2012 Census) | Population Density (/km) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sri Lankan Tamil |
Indian Tamil |
Sinhalese | Sri Lankan Moors | Other | Total | ||||||
Kandavalai | Kandavalai | T. Mugunthan | 16 | 318 | 22,920 | 7 | 58 | 17 | 1 | 23,003 | 72 |
Karachchi | Kilinochchi | G. Nageswaran | 42 | 358 | 58,901 | 1,501 | 533 | 178 | 24 | 61,137 | 171 |
Pachchilaipalli | Pallai | Sivapathasundram Sathiyaseelan | 18 | 164 | 8,274 | 6 | 222 | 8 | 0 | 8,510 | 52 |
Poonakary | Poonakary | K. S. Vasanthakumar | 19 | 439 | 19,433 | 168 | 149 | 475 | 0 | 20,225 | 46 |
Total | 95 | 1,279 | 109,528 | 1,682 | 962 | 678 | 25 | 112,875 | 88 |
Demographics
Population
Kilinochchi District's population was 112,875 in 2011. The population of the district is almost exclusively Sri Lankan Tamil.
The population of the district, like the rest of the north and east of Sri Lanka, has been heavily affected by the civil war. The war killed an estimated 100,000 people. Several hundred thousand Sri Lankan Tamils, possibly as much as one million, emigrated to the West during the war. Many Sri Lankan Tamils also moved to the relative safety of the capital Colombo. Most of the Sri Lankan Moors and Sinhalese who lived in the district fled to other parts of Sri Lanka or were forcibly expelled by the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.
Ethnicity
Year | Tamil | Sinhalese | Muslim | Other | Total No. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | ||
1981 Census | 89,197 | 97.33% | 741 | 0.81% | 1,567 | 1.71% | 136 | 0.15% | 91,641 |
1999 Estimate | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 156,428 |
2000 Estimate | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 154,015 |
2001 Estimate | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 148,052 |
2002 Estimate | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 153,721 |
2003 Estimate | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 140,145 |
2004 Estimate | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 140,920 |
2005 Estimate | 165,781 | 99.77% | 2 | 0.00% | 383 | 0.23% | 0 | 0.00% | 166,166 |
2006 Estimate | 196,611 | 99.78% | 2 | 0.00% | 424 | 0.22% | 0 | 0.00% | 197,037 |
2007 Estimate | 195,386 | 99.78% | 2 | 0.00% | 424 | 0.22% | 0 | 0.00% | 195,812 |
2008 Estimate | 190,599 | 99.78% | 2 | 0.00% | 424 | 0.22% | 0 | 0.00% | 191,025 |
2009 Estimate | 22,099 | 93.54% | 1 | 0.00% | 1,525 | 6.46% | 0 | 0.00% | 23,625 |
2011 Enumeration | 102,779 | 99.10% | 138 | 0.13% | 774 | 0.75% | 26 | 0.03% | 103,717 |
2012 Census | 111,210 | 98.52% | 962 | 0.85% | 678 | 0.60% | 25 | 0.02% | 112,875 |
Religion
There are 92,986 Hindus in Kilinochchi District.Also 18,499 Christians, 1275 Buddhists, 700 Muslims and 50 Other Religious people in Kilinochchi District
Poverty
In 2016 the district was the poorest in Sri Lanka and had the highest incidence of extreme poverty according to the World Bank.
Politics and government
Local government
Kilinochchi District has three local authorities all of which are Divisional Councils (Pradesha Sabhai or Pradeshiya Sabha).
Local Authority | Area (km) |
Population (2011) |
Registered Electors (2011) |
Elected Members (2011) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TNA | UPFA | Total | ||||
Karachchi Divisional Council | 620.66 | 76,770 | 42,800 | 15 | 4 | 19 |
Pachchilaipalli Divisional Council | 167.70 | 7,641 | 7,116 | 6 | 3 | 9 |
Poonakary Divisional Council | 478.73 | 19,306 | 11,301 | 6 | 4 | 10 |
Total | 1,267.09 | 103,717 | 61,217 | 27 | 11 | 38 |
Notes
- ^ Sri Lankan Tamil and Indian Tamil.
- ^ Sri Lankan Moors and Indian Moors.
- ^ 2001 Census was not carried out in Kilinochchi District.
- ^ Includes TULF.
References
- ^ "Area of Sri Lanka by province and district" (PDF). Statistical Abstract 2011. Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-11-13.
- ^ "A2 : Population by ethnic group according to districts, 2012". Census of Population & Housing, 2011. Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 2017-04-28. Retrieved 2012-11-04.
- ^ "A3 : Population by religion according to districts, 2012". Census of Population & Housing, 2011. Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 2019-01-07. Retrieved 2012-11-04.
- ^ de Silva, K. M. (1981). A History of Sri Lanka. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. xvii.
- ^ Mills, Lennox A. (1933). Ceylon Under British Rule (1795 - 1932). London: Oxford University Press. pp. 67–68.
- ^ Medis, G. C. (1946). Ceylon Under the British (2nd (revised) ed.). Colombo: The Colombo Apothecaries Co. pp. 39–40.
- ^ Manogaran, Chelvadurai (1987). Ethnic conflicts and reconciliation in Sri Lanka. University of Hawaii Press. p. 90. ISBN 0-8248-1116-X.
- ^ "Statistical Information 2012". Northern Provincial Council.
- ^ "Land area by province, district and divisional secretariat division" (PDF). Statistical Abstract 2011. Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-11-13.
- ^ "A6 : Population by ethnicity and district according to Divisional Secretary's Division, 2012". Census of Population & Housing, 2011. Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 2016-11-01. Retrieved 2012-11-04.
- ^ "Up to 100,000 killed in Sri Lanka's civil war: UN". ABC News (Australia). 20 May 2009.
- ^ Harrison, Frances (23 July 2003). "Twenty years on - riots that led to war". BBC News.
- ^ "Statistical Information 2010" (PDF). Northern Provincial Council.
- ^ "Enumeration of Vital Events 2011 - Northern Province" (PDF). Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-05-23. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
- ^ "Geospatial Poverty Portal: Interactive Maps". World Bank. Retrieved 2024-01-22.
- ^ Department of Census and Statistics,The Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka-2011