King and Queen County is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia, located in the state's Middle Peninsula on the eastern edge of the Richmond, VA, metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,608. Its county seat is King and Queen Court House.

King and Queen County was established in 1691 from New Kent County, and was named for King William III and Queen Mary II of England. King and Queen County is notable as one of the few counties in the United States to have recorded a larger population in the 1790 census than in the 2010 one.

Among the earliest settlers of King and Queen County was Roger Shackelford, an English emigrant from Old Alresford, Hampshire, after whom the county's village of Shacklefords is named. Shackelford's descendants continued to live in the county, and by the nineteenth century had intermarried with several local families, including Taliaferro, Beverley, Thornton, and Sears.

In 1762 when he was 11, future president James Madison was sent to a boarding school run by Donald Robertson at the Innes plantation in King and Queen County. Robertson was a Scottish teacher who tutored numerous prominent plantation families in the South. From Robertson, Madison learned mathematics, geography, and modern and classical languages, becoming especially proficient in Latin. He attributed his instinct for learning "largely to that man (Robertson)." At age 16, Madison returned to his father's Montpelier estate in Orange County.

On March 2, 1864, the Battle of Walkerton, an engagement of the American Civil War, took place here, resulting in a Confederate victory.

Virginia Longest, national director of the Nursing Service for the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs in the late 1970s, was a county native.

Richard and Mildred Loving lived in a remote part of the county in the 1960s, hoping to avoid arrest by the authorities while their legal challenge to Virginia's anti-miscegenation laws moved through the courts.

For many years, county publications noted that the county lacked any traffic lights. This is now no longer the case, as a traffic light has been installed on U.S. Route 360 at St. Stephen's Church.

Even in the 21st century, King and Queen County contains no incorporated towns or cities, and remains one of Virginia's most sparsely populated counties. For example, as of 2024 it does not have a grocery store.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 326 square miles (840 km), of which 315 square miles (820 km) is land and 11 square miles (28 km) (3.4%) is water.

Measuring 63 miles (101 km) in length, it is one of the longest counties in the state of Virginia, as well as one of the narrowest, measuring less than 10 miles (16 km) across at its widest point.

• Caroline County – north
• Essex County – northeast
• Middlesex County – east
• Gloucester County – southeast
• James City County – south
• New Kent County – southwest
• King William County – west

• US 360
• SR 14
• SR 33
• SR 40

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1790	9,377		—
1800	9,879		5.4%
1810	10,988		11.2%
1820	11,798		7.4%
1830	11,644		−1.3%
1840	10,862		−6.7%
1850	10,319		−5.0%
1860	10,328		0.1%
1870	9,709		−6.0%
1880	10,502		8.2%
1890	9,669		−7.9%
1900	9,265		−4.2%
1910	9,576		3.4%
1920	9,161		−4.3%
1930	7,618		−16.8%
1940	6,954		−8.7%
1950	6,299		−9.4%
1960	5,889		−6.5%
1970	5,491		−6.8%
1980	5,968		8.7%
1990	6,289		5.4%
2000	6,630		5.4%
2010	6,945		4.8%
2020	6,608		−4.9%
2021 (est.)	6,662		0.8%
U.S. Decennial Census 1790–1960 1900–1990 1990–2000 2010 2020

King and Queen County, Virginia – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.

Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)	Pop 2010	Pop 2020	% 2010	% 2020
White alone (NH)	4,547	4,460	65.47%	67.49%
Black or African American alone (NH)	1,970	1,561	28.37%	23.62%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)	109	82	1.57%	1.24%
Asian alone (NH)	17	23	0.24%	0.35%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)	0	3	0.00%	0.05%
Some Other Race alone (NH)	7	19	0.10%	0.29%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH)	111	278	1.60%	4.21%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	184	182	2.65%	2.75%
Total	6,945	6,608	100.00%	100.00%

As of the census of 2000, there were 6,630 people residing in the county; these included 2,673 households and 1,897 families. The population density was 21 people per square mile (8.1 people/km). There were 3,010 housing units, at an average density of 10 units per square mile (3.9 units/km). The racial makeup of the county was 61.22% White, 35.67% Black or African American, 1.42% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.15% from other races, and 1.25% from two or more races. 0.87% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 2,673 households, 26.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.60% were married couples living together, 13.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.00% were non-families. 24.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.94.

The median age in the county was 41 years, with 22.70% under the age of 18, 7.00% from 18 to 24, 26.80% from 25 to 44, 27.00% from 45 to 64, and 16.40% who were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females, there were 95.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.50 males.

The median household income was $35,941, and the median family income was $40,563. Males had a median income of $33,217, versus $21,753 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,236. 10.90% of the population and 7.80% of families were below the poverty line. Of the total people living in poverty, 8.10% were under the age of 18 and 14.80% were 65 or older.

• Buena Vista District: James M. Burns
• Newtown District: Sherrin C. Alsop (I)
• Shanghai District: R.F. "Rusty" Bailey, Jr. (I)
• St. Stephens Church District: James Lawrence Simpkins (I)
• Stevensville District: Doris H. Morris (I)

• Clerk of the Circuit Court: Vanessa D. Porter
• Commissioner of the Revenue: Kelly N. Lumpkin(I)
• Commonwealth's Attorney: Meredith D. Adkins
• Sheriff: William Balderson
• Treasurer: Irene B. Longest

King and Queen is represented by Republican Thomas K. "Tommy" Norment in the Virginia Senate, Republican M. Keith Hodges in the Virginia House of Delegates, and Republican Robert J. "Rob" Wittman in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Presidentially, King and Queen County is a bellwether county of sorts. It correctly predicted the winner of all but four presidential elections between 1928 and 2020, voting for losing candidates only in 1968, 1980, 2012, and 2020.

United States presidential election results for King and Queen County, Virginia

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	2,450	59.54%	1,590	38.64%	75	1.82%
2016	2,099	56.88%	1,468	39.78%	123	3.33%
2012	1,865	51.03%	1,745	47.74%	45	1.23%
2008	1,763	47.58%	1,918	51.77%	24	0.65%
2004	1,737	52.86%	1,506	45.83%	43	1.31%
2000	1,423	49.77%	1,387	48.51%	49	1.71%
1996	1,073	38.93%	1,393	50.54%	290	10.52%
1992	1,206	41.34%	1,363	46.73%	348	11.93%
1988	1,376	50.46%	1,309	48.00%	42	1.54%
1984	1,449	54.39%	1,201	45.08%	14	0.53%
1980	949	44.14%	1,128	52.47%	73	3.40%
1976	778	39.06%	1,111	55.77%	103	5.17%
1972	1,033	58.30%	708	39.95%	31	1.75%
1968	568	27.40%	882	42.55%	623	30.05%
1964	699	46.94%	786	52.79%	4	0.27%
1960	432	43.95%	536	54.53%	15	1.53%
1956	495	54.64%	289	31.90%	122	13.47%
1952	415	51.23%	387	47.78%	8	0.99%
1948	171	31.26%	293	53.56%	83	15.17%
1944	166	31.38%	363	68.62%	0	0.00%
1940	124	25.31%	365	74.49%	1	0.20%
1936	124	24.95%	372	74.85%	1	0.20%
1932	154	28.79%	368	68.79%	13	2.43%
1928	319	53.26%	280	46.74%	0	0.00%
1924	134	29.65%	314	69.47%	4	0.88%
1920	181	34.28%	347	65.72%	0	0.00%
1916	127	31.91%	271	68.09%	0	0.00%
1912	68	18.78%	246	67.96%	48	13.26%

• King and Queen Court House (a census-designated place)
• Newtown
• St. Stephen's Church
• Shacklefords

• National Register of Historic Places listings in King and Queen County, Virginia

37°43′N 76°54′W / 37.72°N 76.90°W / 37.72; -76.90